3.15消费者权益日的由来（中英文对照）

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　　自然经济时代，在自给自足的小农经济下，人与人间的物品交换是偶然的，人们间并未形成普遍依赖性的消费关系。随着商业的发展，城市的形成，人们间的经济关系日益复杂，行业间的分工协作加强，商品交换成为社会发展的动力。直到近代工业革命后，全球自由贸易扩张，世界经济互补性、一体性推动经济不断发展。

　　19世纪末和20世纪初，消费者为了在不利的经济条件下维护自身权益，产生了保护消费者权利的理论和运动，并最终促使消费者权益在政策和法律上的规定和确认。

　　消费者权益正式提出是在20世纪60年代。1962年3月15日，美国前总统约翰.肯尼迪在美国国会发表了《关于保护消费者利益的总统特别咨文》，首次提出了著名的消费者的"四项权利"，即：有权获得安全保障;有权获得正确资料;有权自由决定选择;有权提出消费意见。肯尼迪提出这四项权利，以后逐渐为世界各国消费者组织所公认，并作为最基本的工作目标。

　　3月15日被确定为“国际消费者权益保护日”。随后尼克松总统进一步提出了消费者求偿权利，并列为消费者的第五项基本权利。此后，这些权利逐渐被世界所公认，许多国家又根据其经济文化水平，作了补充和发展，如增加了接受消费者教育的权利等。

　　1983年，国际消费者联盟组织确定每年的3月15日为"国际消费者权益日"。选择这一天作为"国际消费者权益日"，也是为了扩大宣传，促进国际范围内保护消费者的活动。正如国际消费者联盟组织主席帕金女士所说："人民的交往，产品的交换，技术和通信的活动等等，就要求我们必须在全球范围内考虑并行动。当这种斗争每天继续下去的时候，我们每年选择一天，让各方面都能听到我们为消费者而发出的声音，并且获得为未来的任务而努力的精神动力。

　　1985年，联合国大会通过了《保护消费者准则》，提出了保护消费者若干项权益的一般原则，实质上就是提出了消费者权利;即：保护消费者的健康和安全不受危害;促进和保护消费者的经济利益;使消费者得到充分信息;使消费者能够按照个人愿望和需要作出选择;消费者教育;提供有效的消费者赔偿办法;组织消费者团体或者组织的自由。此后，这些权利逐渐被世界所公认，许多国家又根据其经济文化水平，作了补充和发展，如增加了接受消费者教育的权利等。

　　从1983年以来,每年的3月15日,全球各地的消费者组织都要举行大规模的活动,集中宣传消费者的权利,显示消费者的强大力量。其中包括发布新闻公报;向公众介绍消费者组织的活动;告诉人们消费者组织将为保护消费者权益做哪些工作;通过电台和电视节目进行宣传,在学校发放宣传材料或消费者刊物;组织消费者权利的演说,努力提高一般消费者的认识。有的国家的消费者组织在这一天向公众征集“消费者权益歌”,有的组织演讲比赛或进行“一年最严重的损害消费者利益事件”的评定活动;奖励为消费者运动作出贡献的人;举办展览;举办消费者教育讲座。一些国家的消费者组织还开展对保护消费者权益有关法规的执行情况检查等。

　　我国自1987年开始,每年的3月15日,中国消费者协会及地方各级协会也都要联合各有关部门共同举办大规模的宣传活动。运用各种方式向消费者介绍消费知识和法律知识,宣传消费者权利。唤醒消费者的自我保护意识;督促企业重视消费者权益;促进全社会都关心、支持消费者保护工作。“3.15国际消费者权益日”的宣传活动已经成为具有广泛社会影响的、意义深远的社会性活动。

　　Subsistence economy era, under a self-sufficient peasant economy, people and goods Exchange in the world by accident, consumer relations of dependence does not form a common people. With the development of business, formation of cities, economic relationships between increasingly complex, industry collaboration Division of labour between the strengthening, commodity exchanges become the driving force of social development. Until the industrial revolution in modern times, global free trade expansion, economic complementarity, one of promoting economic development in the world.

　　At the end of 19th century and early 20th century, consumers in order to safeguard their own rights and interests under the adverse economic conditions, theories and movements of the protection of consumer rights, and ultimately promoting the interests of consumers in policy and legal requirements and confirm.

　　Consumer rights was officially raised in the 1960 of the 20th century. On March 15, 1962, United States President John. Kennedy in the United States Congress issued a special message to the President of the Declaration on the protection of the interests of consumers, first made famous by the consumer "four rights", namely: the right to security; right to get the correct information; the right to free decision choose; right to consumer advice. Kennedy made the four right, increasingly recognized by national consumer organisations in the world in the future, and as the basic goal.

　　On March 15, was identified as the "international day for the protection of consumers ' rights". President Nixon subsequently made further claims consumers rights, and as the fifth basic consumer rights. Since then, these rights being recognized by the world, and according to its economic and cultural level in many countries, supplementary and development, such as increased, such as the right to consumer education.

　　In 1983, the international organization of consumers unions determined March 15 of each year as "international consumer rights day". Choose this day as "international consumer rights day", in order to expand awareness, promotion of consumer protection within the scope of international activities. As Pagin, international organization of consumers unions President said: "people exchanges, exchange of product, technology and communications activities, and so on, requires us to consider and action on a global scale. When this struggle continues every day, when we choose the day every year so that we issued for the consumer's voice can be heard and given a hard task of spiritual power for the future.

　　1985, United Nations General Assembly by has protection consumer guidelines under, made has protection consumer several items interest of general principles, essentially is made has consumer right; is: protection consumer of health and security does not by against; promote and protection consumer of economic interests; makes consumer are full information; makes consumer to in accordance with personal wishes and needs made select; consumer education; provides effective of consumer compensation approach; organization consumer groups or organization of free. Since then, these rights being recognized by the world, and according to its economic and cultural level in many countries, supplementary and development, such as increased, such as the right to consumer education.

　　Since 1983, March 15 of each year, and consumer organizations all over the world will hold large-scale activities, central publicity rights of consumers, show the power of consumers. Including issued press releases; to the public consumer organization activities tell consumer organisations which work will be to protect the interests of consumers do; propaganda through radio and television programmes, school publicity materials or consumer publications; organization of consumer rights speech, efforts to raise the awareness of consumers in General. National consumer organizations in this collection to the public in a day of "consumers ' rights", some organizations or the speech contest "year's most serious prejudice to the interests of consumers" assess the activity of incentives for people who contribute to the consumer movement; exhibition; and consumer education talks. Consumers in some countries also carry out checks on the implementation of consumer protection legislation.

　　Since its inception in 1987, March 15 of each year, China Consumer Association and the local associations at all levels must also jointly organized a massive campaign by the departments concerned. Use all kinds of ways to introduce consumer consumption and legal knowledge, awareness of consumers ' rights. Awakening consumer awareness of self protection; supervise enterprises attach importance to the interests of consumers; promotion of society and supports consumer protection work. "International consumer rights day 3.15" campaigns have become a widespread social impact, far-reaching social activities.

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