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线话语法讲堂:形容词 副词(初中)

线话英语|2015-05-11 16:23:41

  形容词

  形容词(adj.) 表示人和事物的特色,对名词起修饰和描绘作用

 

 

  副词(adv.)表示动作特点或性状,主要修饰动词、形容词、副词及全部句子 内容来自

  (一)形容词的用法及地位

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  1.形容词在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等,作定语时个别放在名词前。 CopyRight .com

  Eg. She has short hair.(作定语)

 

 

  Paul is tall.(作表语)

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  We must keep our room clean.(作宾补) CopyRight .com

  2.形容词修饰不定代词时放在其后。

  eg.She has something important to tell us./

内容来自

 

  There’s nothing wrong in the sentence.

  (二)副词的种类、用法及位置

  1.副词的品种

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  (1)时间副词

内容来自

 

  ①表示大体时光:now,then,yesterday,today, tonight,before,justnow,recently,so far

  ②表示频率:always,usually,often,sometimes.seldom,never

  ③其它作用:already,yet,late,early,soon,at once,immediately,atfirst,at last,finally 内容来自

  (2)地点副词

 

 

  ①表地点:here,there,home,abroad,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,

 

 

  nowhere,somewhere.

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  ②表位置关系(后接宾语时,用作介词):

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  above,below,round,around,down,up,in,out,inside,outside,across,back,along,over, 内容来自

  away,near,off,past CopyRight .com

  (3)方式副词表示谓语动词“怎么地”,(此类副词大部分由形容词加ly构成):

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  badly,bravely,gratefully,calmly,carefully,carelessly,nervously,proudly,patiently, CopyRight .com

  politely,sadly,properly,rapidly,

 

 

  wrongly,suddenly. 内容来自

  (4)水平副词 多数用来修饰形容词或副词:much,(a)little,a bit,very,sO,too,enough,quite,rather,completely,terribly,deeply,nearly,almost,hardly CopyRight .com

  (5)疑问副词 构成特殊疑难句:how,when, where,why

 

 

  (6)衔接副词 连接主语、宾语或表语从句:how,when,where,why

内容来自

 

  (7)关联副词 引导定语从句:when,where,why

  (8)其它性质的副词对全体句子进行说明,正常用逗号与主句隔开:

 

 

  frankly(坦率地说,说真的),generally(畸形说来),luckily(幸运地是),first of all(首先)等。 内容来自

  2.副词的用法及位置

 

 

  (1)修饰动词作状语 CopyRight .com

  ①多数位于动词之后,及物动词的宾语或介问的宾语之后。

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  eg.The farmers are working hard in the field.

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  She speaks English well.

  The nurse looks after the babies carefully.

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  ②频度副词放在动词前,情态动词和助动词之后。

 

 

  eg.He always goes to school On foot.

 

 

  She was often late for school. CopyRight .com

  I have never been to Beijing·

内容来自

 

  (2)润饰形容词作状语,放在形容词前。

  eg.He has a very nice watch.

 

 

  The box is too heavy.

内容来自

 

  (3)修饰另一副词作状语,放在另一副词前。

 

 

  eg.She paints quite well.

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  You speak too fast.I can’t understand you. 内容来自

  (4)作表语,放在系动词后。 CopyRight .com

  eg.Is anybody in?

  (5)作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后。

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  eg.I saw him out just now. CopyRight .com

  (6)作定语,放在名词之后。

  eg.There is a man:here On vacation.

  (7)疑难副词、修饰整个句子的副词以及perhaps,first,sometimes,finally等副词,个别放在句首。

 

 

  eg.Finally,I finished the work.

  Perhaps he’s watching TV at home.

 

 

  (8)表示程度的副词普通放在被修饰词前,而enough则放在它所修饰的词后。

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  eg. He is old enough to go to school. CopyRight .com

  (三)形容词跟副词的相比等级 CopyRight .com

  1.比较级、最高等的形成

 

 

  (1)单音节和少数双音节词 内容来自

  ①一般在词尾加er或est CopyRight .com

  great——greater——greatest,young——younger——youngest,slow→slower→slowest

 

 

  ②以e结尾的只加r或st

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  nice——nicer——nicest,large——larger—largest.

  ③以辅音字母加y结尾的,先变y为i,再加er或est

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  heavy——heavier——heaviest, easy——easier——>easiest,

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  busy——busier——busiest, funny——funnier——+funniest,

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  early——earlier→earliest

  ④以重读闭音节结尾的词,先双写最末的一个辅音字母,再加er或est CopyRight .com

  big——bigger——biggest, thin——thinner——>thinnest,fat—fatter→fattest,

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  fitt—fitter→fittest

 

 

  (2)多音节和部分双音节词,前加more为比较级,加(the)most为最高级 内容来自

  careful→more careful——most careful

 

 

  useful——more useful——most useful 内容来自

  popular→more popular→most popular 内容来自

  carelessly——more carelessly——most carelessly

  (3)不规则变革的词

内容来自

 

  good/well→better→best 内容来自

  bad/ill/badly→worse→worst CopyRight .com

  many/much→more→most

  little→less→least

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  old→older/elder→oldest(指年事大小)/eldest(指长幼顺序) CopyRight .com

  far→farther/further→farthest(指距离)/furthest(指程度)

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  2.形容词和副词比较级、最高级的用法

 

 

  (1)形容词跟副词比较级的用法

  ①用于两者比较,表示“比…更…”:

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  “A+系动词+形容词比拟级+than+B,

  eg.I am two years older than my little sister.

 

 

  “A+谓语动词+副词比较级+than+B: CopyRight .com

  eg. She gets to school earlier than the other students.

内容来自

 

  ②用于两者之间的同级比较,表示“…和…一样”: 内容来自

  “A+系动词+as+形容词原级+as+B,

内容来自

 

  eg.Bill is as funny as his father.

 

 

  “A+谓语动词+as+副词原级+as+B” 内容来自

  eg.Lucy speaks Chinese as well as Lily. CopyRight .com

  ③表示甲在某方面不如乙: CopyRight .com

  “A+系动词+notas/so+形容i司原级+as十B” 内容来自

  eg.These books aren’t as interesting as those.

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  “A+助动词/情态动词+not+谓语动词+aS/SO+B”

 

 

  eg.She didn’t sing sO well that night as she usually does. CopyRight .com

  ④表现某个范围内的两者比较:

内容来自

 

  “A十动词十the+比较级+of短语(比较范围)” eg.Penny is the taller of the two girls.Penny是这两个女孩中较高的一个。 内容来自

  ⑤表示“越来越…”:“比较级+and+比较级”

  eg.In spring the days are getting longer and longer. 在春天,白天变得越来越长。

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  ⑥表示“越…越…”:“the+比较级…the+比较级” 内容来自

  eg.The mort:you practice using English,the better you’ll learn it 你英语练得越多,就会学得越好。

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  ①可能用much,far,even,a bit,a little,a lot等修饰比较级表示程度,但决不可用very修饰。

  eg.Tom is a little taller than Mike.Tom比Mike稍高一点;

 

 

  it is even colder today than yesterday. 今天甚至比昨天更冷 CopyRight .com

  ⑧在比较级中,为了避免重复,可用that或those代替前面提到过的事件。

内容来自

 

  eg.The weather here is much hotter than that Ofour hometown.这儿比我的老家热得多。

 

 

  The pants in this shop are a lot better than those in that shop.这家商店的裤子比那家商店的裤子质量好得多。

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  (3)形容词和副词最高级的用法 内容来自

  对三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时用最高级。形容词最高级前面要加定冠词the,副词最高级前可加the,也可省掉the;后面可带of/in短浯来说明比较范畴:

内容来自

 

  “主语+系动词+the+形容词最高级+of短语/in短语”

 

 

  eg.She is the youngest Of all.

  “A+谓语动词+(the)+最高级+of短语/in短语” CopyRight .com

  eg.Linda draws most carefully in her class.

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