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英语四级语法之状语从句

线话英语|2015-05-11 16:40:20

  19. 英语四级语法状语从句

  19.1 地点状语从句的英语四级语法

    地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。

 

 

    Where I live there are plenty of trees.

    我住的地方树很多。

 

 

    Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. CopyRight .com

    无论我在哪里我都会想到你

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  1)不必that的情形

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    a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 内容来自

      (错) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.

 

 

    b) 介词后不能用。 内容来自

       We depend on the land from which we get our food.

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       We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

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  2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

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    a) 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which。

 

 

    b) 在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。 内容来自

    c) 先行词有the only, the very润饰时,只用that。  内容来自

    d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that。. 内容来自

    e) 先行词既有人,又有物时。

 

 

  举例:

    All that is needed is a supply of oil.

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    所需的只是供油问题。

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    Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 

    那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

  19.2 方式状语从句的英语四级语法

    方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。 CopyRight .com

  1) as, (just) as…so…引导的方法状语从句通常位于主句后,但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首,这时as从句带有比喻的含意,意思是"正如…","就像",多用于正式文体,例如: CopyRight .com

   Always do to the others as you would be done by.

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   你渴望人家怎么待你,你就要怎么待人。 CopyRight .com

   As water is to fish, so air is to man.

 

 

   我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水。 CopyRight .com

   Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. CopyRight .com

   正如打扫屋宇一样,咱们也要扫除咱们头脑中掉队的东西。 内容来自

  2) as if, as though 内容来自

    两者的意思和用法相同,引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反,有时也用陈说语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"恍如……似的","好像……似的",例如:

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   They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. CopyRight .com

   他们完全忽视了这些事实,就似乎它不存在似的。(与事实相反,谓语用虚构语气。)

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   He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.

   他那样子就像被雷击了似的。(与事实相反,谓语用虚构语气。)

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   It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.

 

 

  看来景象很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大,谓语用陈述语气。)

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   说明:as if / as though也能够引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语,例如: CopyRight .com

   He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.

 

 

  他东张西望地看着我,就像第一次看见我似的。

 

 

   He cleared his throat as if to say something.

  他清了清嗓子,像要说什么似的。 内容来自

   The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.

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  波涛冲击着岩石,仿佛很愤怒。

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  19.3 起因状语从句的英语四级语法

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  比较:because, since, as和for 内容来自

  1) because语势最强,用来阐明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的问题。当原因是不问可知的或已为人们所知,就用as或 since。

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    I didn't go, because I was afraid.

    Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.

  2) 由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗 号,则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接起因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for。 CopyRight .com

    He is absent today, because / for he is ill.

 

 

    He must be ill, for he is absent today.

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 19.4 目标状语从句的 英语四级语法 CopyRight .com

 

    表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导,例如:

 

 

     You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.

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     He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.

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     Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.

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  19.5 成果状语从句的英语四级语法

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   结果状语从句常由so… that 或 such…that引导,把持这两个句型,首先要理解so 和 such与其后的词的搭配法令。

  比较:so和 such

   其法则由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so 是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用,形成固定搭配。

 

 

   so foolish       such a fool       

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   so nice a flower    such a nice flower    

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   so many / few flowers  such nice flowers    

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   so much / little money. such rapid progress   

   so many people     such a lot of people    CopyRight .com

  ( so many 已成固定搭配,a lot of 虽相当于 many,但 a lot of 为名词性的,只能用such搭配。) CopyRight .com

    so…that与such…that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。

    The boy is so young that he can't go to school.

 

 

    He is such a young boy that he can't go to school

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  19.6 条件状语从句的英语四级语法

 

 

    连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。.

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    if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非实在条件句两种。非切实前提句已在虚拟语气中阐述。

 

 

    unless = if not.  内容来自

    Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 内容来自

    If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.

  典型例题

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  You will be late ___ you leave immediately. 

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  A. unless  B. until  C. if  D. or

 

 

   答案A。 句意:除非你即时走,否则你就回迟到的。可转化为 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late. B、D句意过错,or表转折,句子如为 You leave immediately or you will be late. 内容来自

 19.7 让步状语从句的英语四级语法 

  though, although

 

 

   注意: 当有though, although时,后面的从句不能有but,然而 though 和yet可连用 内容来自

   Although it's raining, they are still working in the field. 

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   诚然在下雨,但他们仍在地里干活。 CopyRight .com

   He is very old, but he still works very hard.  内容来自

   固然他很老,但仍然努力地工作。 内容来自

   Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.

   伤口虽愈合,但伤疤留下了。 (谚语)

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  英语四级语法典范例题

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  1) ___she is young, she knows quite a lot. 

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  A. When B. However  C. Although  D. Unless

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  谜底:C。意为虽然她很年轻,却知道良多。

 

 

  2) as, though 引诱的倒装句

 

 

    as / though领导的妥协从句必需表语或状语提前(形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前)。

 

 

    Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.

   = Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do. 内容来自

  注意: a. 句首名词不能带任何冠词。 CopyRight .com

      b. 句首是实义动词,其余助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

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     Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

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    = Though he tries hard, he never seems…

 

 

   虽然他尽了尽力,但他的工作总做的不尽人意。 内容来自

  3) ever if, even though. 即使 CopyRight .com

    We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.

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  4) whether…or-  不管……都 CopyRight .com

     Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 内容来自

  5) "no matter +疑难词" 或"疑问词+后缀ever"

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     No matter what happened, he would not mind.

     Whatever happened, he would not mind. 内容来自

    更换:no matter what = whatever

 

 

       no matter who = whoever

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       no matter when = whenever

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       no matter where = wherever

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       no matter which = whichever 内容来自

       no matter how = however

    留心:no matter 不能勾引主语从句和宾语从句。

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   (错)No matter what you say is of no use now.

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   (对)Whatever you say is of no use now.

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      你当初说什么也没用了。(Whatever you say是主语从句) 内容来自

   (错)Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given,

 

 

   (对)Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given. 囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。

 

 

  19.8 英语四级语法比较while, when, as

  1)as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。 内容来自

      Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.

 

 

  2)当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前,只能用when 引导这个从句,不可用as 或 while。

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      When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.

 

 

  3)从句表示"随时间推移"连词能用as,不用when 或while。

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      As the day went on, the weather got worse. 

 

 

     日子一天天从前,天气越变越坏。

 

 

  19.9英语四级语法until跟till 内容来自

    此两个连词意思雷同。确定情势表现的意思是"做某事直至某时",动词必须是持续性的。否定形式表白的意思是"直至某时才做某事"。动词为连续性或非延续性都可 以。 正确利用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否认式。

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    肯定句:

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    I slept until midnight. 我始终睡到深夜时醒了。

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    Wait till I call you.  等着我叫你。 内容来自

    (在断定句中可用before取代 Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.) 内容来自

   

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    否定句: 内容来自

    She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock. CopyRight .com

    她直到6点才到。

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    Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.

 

 

    公共汽车停稳后再下车。

 

 

    I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how.  直到你教我后,我才会做。 内容来自

  1)Until可用于句首,而till通常不用于句首。

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    Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 内容来自

    直到你告诉我以前,出了什么事我一点也不晓得。  CopyRight .com

  2)Until when 疑难句中,until要放在句首。

 

 

    ---Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么时候?

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    --- Until next Monday. 呆到下周一。 

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  注意:否定句可用另外两种句式表示。

  (1)Not until …在句首,主句用倒装。

    Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.

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    直到19 世纪初,人类才知道热能是什么。

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    Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.

 

 

    直到我开始工作,我才意识到了我已蹉跎了多少多岁月。

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  (2) It is not until… that… 内容来自

  19.10 表示"一…就…"的结构 CopyRight .com

   hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than 跟as soon as都可能表示"一…就…"的意思,例:

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   I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. 内容来自

   I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.

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   As soon as I got home, it began to rain.

 

 

   留神:假如hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首,句子必须用倒装构造:

   Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. 内容来自

   No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

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英语四级语法

 

 

 

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