线话语法讲堂：代词（四）

　　内 容 提 要

　　代词分人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、教唆代词、关系代词跟连接代词，它们在句子中承担不同的功效。

　　指 示 代 词

　　一、领导代词this，that，these和those用来代替上文已提到或唆使眼前的人或物，在句中可充当主语、宾语和定语。做定语的指导代词要与所修饰的词在数上一致

　　1) Today's libraries differ greatly from        .

　　［A］ the past ［B］ those of the past ［C］ that are past ［D］ those past

　　2) The amount of money spent on cosmetics, according to some authorities, has exceeded spent on public health.

　　［A］ one

　　［B］ those

　　［C］ it 内容来自

　　［D］ that 内容来自

　　3) The culture and customs of America are more like of England than of any other country.

内容来自

　　［A］ that

内容来自

　　［B］ what

　　［C］ which CopyRight .com

　　［D］ those

　　例题解析

　　1) B为准确谜底。此题中的differ from意为"不同于"，相比较的对象为;古代的图书馆"与"以往的藏书楼"，故应选B ，用those代替前面提到的libraries(复数)。

CopyRight .com

　　2) D为正确答案。"has exceeded""超过，超越"，空档后"spent on public health"作定语，而空档处是代词代替"The amount of monay"，这是不可数名词，所以"［A］ one"和"［B］ those"均分歧乎条件。"［C］ it"也错误，it代词代"the amount of money spent on cosmetics,"那么空档后的"spent on public health"显然与"spent on cosmetics"相抵牾。所以C也过错。 内容来自

　　3) D为正确答案。"what"和"which"为衔接和关联代词，"that"指代单数，而空档处是代前边的"The clture and customs of America"，所以应当用复数代词those。

　　二、为了避免重复，that或those来代替前边的名词或代词，that表示事物，those表现人。个别来讲that表示单数或不可数，而those表示复数。但those可能跟who连用，由who引导一个定语从句，这时those就不是取代前边的某词 内容来自

　　4) Numerous efforts have been made ［A］ to improve ［B］ the laws governing ［C］ air pollution， but none have been as successful as them ［D］ devised by the state of Oregon. 内容来自

　　5) An internationally famous ballerina ［A］ ， Maria Tallchief demonstrated ［B］ that the quality of ballet in the United States could equal those ［C］ of the ballet in Europe ［D］ .

CopyRight .com

　　6) Since the job was going to be ［A］ difficult， he asked only ［B］ them ［C］ he trusted to assist him ［D］ .

　　7) Forest animals ［A］ utilize the sense ［B］ of smell less ［C］ than them ［D］ in the countryside. CopyRight .com

　　例题解析 CopyRight .com

　　4) D错。 改为those。这里"those"与"none"同指，都代"the laws"。 CopyRight .com

　　5) C错。 改为that，代"the quality。"

　　6) C错。改为those。C处作"asked"的宾语，又作"he trusted to assist him"的先行词。 内容来自

　　7) D 错。 改为those。

　　三、such修饰可数名词须与a连用，也可润饰可数名词复数和不可数名词

　　8) Let us take a serious, reasonable look at what the results might be if proposal were accepted.

　　［A］ so many

　　［B］ a so many

内容来自

　　［C］ a such

　　［D］ such a

　　9) Although signs of dishonesty in school, business, and government seem much more numerous in recent years than in the past, could it be that we are getting better at revealing dishonesty?

　　［A］ so 内容来自

　　［B］ those

　　［C］ such

　　［D］ such a CopyRight .com

　　例题解析

　　8) D为正确答案。

　　9) C为正确答案。

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