线话语法讲堂：分词的时态

　　 分词的时态表现在：
1）与主语动词同时，
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.　 听到这一消息，他高兴得载歌载舞。
Arriving there, they found the boy dead.　刚一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩去世了。 CopyRight .com

　　典型例题
The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare　 B. preparing　 C. prepared　 D. was preparing　
答案B. 此处不连词，不能选D，否则浮现了两个谓语动词worked跟was preparing。 只能在B，C入选一个。又因前后两个动作同时发生，且与主语为自动关系，应用当初分词。

　　2）先于自动词
While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg. 在花园里散步时他伤了腿。
分词作时间状语，如果先与主动词的动作，且强调先后， 要用having done。
Having finished his homework, he went out.
=As he had finished his homework, he went out.
做完作业后，他出去了。

　　典范例题
___ a reply, he decided to write again.　
A Not receiving　　B. Receiving not　 C. Not having received　 D. Having not received　　
谜底C. 本题考察分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意判断，分词的动作（接信）产生在谓语动词的动作（信念再写信）之前，因此用分词的实现式。分词的否认式的构成为not +分词，故选C。该句可理解为：Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.

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