线话语法讲堂：限制性和非限制性定语从句

　　1) 定语从句有限度性跟非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不清楚；非制约性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：
This is the house which we bought last month,这是咱们上个月买的那幢屋子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很俊秀，是咱们上个月买的。（非限制性）
    2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词跟教唆代词所润饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限度性的，例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.　我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。

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　　3) 非限制性定语从句还能将全体主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他好像没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。

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　　说明：关联代词that和关系副词why不能引导非制约性定语从句。

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