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线话英语语法之：主谓一致

线话英语|2015-05-11 16:45:15

　　在英语句子里，谓语受主语部署，其动词必需和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其法令，大抵可演绎为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致准则。

　　（一）语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。内容来自

　　 1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.

　　注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.

　　 2、由连接词and或both … and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 内容来自

　　注意：① 若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如：The writer and artist has come.; / ② 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果辨别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room.. / No boy and no girl likes it. 内容来自

　　 3、主语为单数名词或代词，只管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall.

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　　 4、either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词跟由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.

　　留神：① 在书面语中当either或neither后跟有"of+复数名词（或代词）"作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. ② 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可能。如：None of us has (have) been to America.

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　　 5、在定语从句时，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 内容来自

　　 6、如果集体名词指的是全体群体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指群体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.

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　　注意：people, police, cattle等名词个别都用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child. CopyRight .com

　　 7、由"a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词"构成的短语以及由"分数或百分数+名词"形成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.

　　注意： a number of"很多"，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of"…的数量"，主语是number，谓语用单数。

　　 8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts. 内容来自

　　（二）逻辑意思一致准则：逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须跟主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。

　　 1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代词能够是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如：Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.

　　 2、表示"时间、分量、长度、价值"等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work.

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　　 3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如： "The Arabian Nights"is an interesting story-book.

　　 4、表数目的短语"one and a half"后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数情势（也可用复数。如：One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.

　　 5、算式中表示数量（字）的主语通常作单数对待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.

　　 6、一些学科名词是以 -ics 结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意思为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isn't easy to study.

　　 7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his.

　　 8、"定冠词the + 形容词或分词"，表现某一类人时，动词用复数。

　　（三）就近一致原则：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。 CopyRight .com

　　 1、当两个主语由either … or, neither … nor, whether … or …, not only … but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right?

　　 2、there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。假如其后是由and衔接的两个主语，则应与凑近的那个主语坚持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room..

　　注意：Here勾引的句子用法同上。内容来自

　　练习：主谓一致

　　1.I, who____ your friend, will try my best to help you with your English.

　　A.am B.is C.are D.be 内容来自

　　2. The rich ____ not always happy.

　　A.are B.is C.has D.have CopyRight .com

　　3. Neither Tom nor Jack and I ____ his students.

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　　A.are B.am C.is D.was

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　　4. Mary as well as her sisters ____ Chinese in China.

　　A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study

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　　5. Neither my father nor I ____ at home. 内容来自

　　A.am B.is C.are D.be

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　　6. Not only my brother but also I ____ good at painting. Both of us ____ good painters.,

　　A.are;are B.am;am C.ani;are D.is;is

　　7. Every' boy and every girl ____ to attend the evening party.

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　　A.wish B.wishes C.is like D.like

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　　8. Over 80 percent of the population of China ____ peasants. 内容来自

　　A.was B.is C. would be D.are

　　9. The population of China ____ larger than that of .any other country in the world. 内容来自

　　A.is B.are C.has D.have

　　10. Every means ____ tried but without any result.

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　　A. have been B.is to be C.are to be D. has been

　　11. Alice, together with two boys,____ for having broken the rule.

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　　A. was punished B. punished C. were punished D. being punished

　　12. The League secretary and the monitor____ asked to attend the .meeting this afternoon.

　　A.is B.was C.are D.is being

　　13. The great writer and professor____.

　　A. is an old man B. are both old men 内容来自

　　C. is an old man and a young man D. were two Chinese 内容来自

　　14. There ____ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk. CopyRight .com

　　A.are B.is C.has D.have CopyRight .com

　　15. A large number of students in our class____ girls. CopyRight .com

　　A. are B. was C. is D. be

　　16. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses ____ much if people leave things as they are.

　　A. doesn' t change B.don't change C.change D.changed

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　　17. The Arabian Nights ____ well known to the English.

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　　A. is B. are C. was D. were

　　18. Chairman Mao' s works ____ published. 内容来自

　　A. has been B.have been C.was D.is

　　19. A chemical works____ built there.

　　A. is to being B.have been C. were to D.has been

　　20. The Olympic Games ____ held every ____ years.

　　A.is;four B.are;four C.is;five D.are;five

　　21 .The United States of America one of the most developed countries in the world.

　　A.is B.are C.was D.were

　　22.He is the only one of die students who ____ elected. CopyRight .com

　　A. are B.have C.has D.is

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　　23.Theis is one of the most interesting questions that ____ asked. CopyRight .com

　　A.have B.has C. have been D.has been

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　　24.Many a man ____ come to help us.

　　A.have B.has C.is D.are

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　　25."All____ present and all____ going on well," our monitor said. 内容来自

　　A.is;is B.are;are C.are;is D.is;are CopyRight .com

　　26. The police ____ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.

　　A. is searching for B. were searching for

　　C. are searching for D. were searching

　　27.Your trousers____ dirty.You must have____ washed.

　　A.is;il B.are;it C.are;them D.is;them

　　28.This pair of trouseis ____ too long for him.

　　A.is B.be C.are D.were

　　29. One and a half bananas ____ left on the table.

　　A.is B.are C.has D.have

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　　30. Eight times eight ____ sixty - four.

　　A.is B.are C.get D.equal 内容来自

　　31 .Ten minutes____ an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.

　　A.seems B.seem C.seemed D.seemes

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　　32.____of the money____ nm out.

　　A. Three-fifth; has B. Three-fifth; has been

　　C. Three-fifths; has D. Three-fifths; have

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　　33. The whole class ____ the teacher attentively.

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　　A. are listening to B. is listening to

　　C.are listening D. is listening

　　34.1 have finished a large part of the book, the rest of which___ more difficult.

　　A.is ,英语学习网站; B.are C.was D.were

　　35. Between the two rows of trees ____ the teaching building. CopyRight .com

　　A.stand B.stands C. standing D.are 内容来自

　　36. Large quantities of water ____ for irrigation. 内容来自

　　A. is needed B. has -needed C. are needed D. need

　　37. That they were wrong in these matters ____ now clear to us all. CopyRight .com

　　A. is B.was C.are D.all 内容来自

　　38.What we need____ good textbooks.

　　A.is B.are C.have D.has

　　39. What you said just now____ the matter we are discussing.

　　A.have something to at B. has something to do with CopyRight .com

　　C.had something to do with D.has been something to do with

　　40. More than one member ____ against the plan.

　　A. is B.are C.has D.have

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　　41. When and where to build the new factory ____ yet.

　　A. has not decided B. is not decided CopyRight .com

　　C. are not decided D. have not decided

　　42. Half of the fruit ____ bad.

　　A. are B. has C. is D. have

　　43. ____ either of your parents come to see you recently? CopyRight .com

　　A. Have B. Had C. Has D. Is

　　44. Mathematics ____ the language of science.

　　A. are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be 内容来自

　　45. My family ____ small. CopyRight .com

　　A. is B. were C. are D. makes

　　46. The following ____ some other examples. 内容来自

　　A. are B. is C. was D. were 内容来自

　　47. They both have some friends; but his ____ more active. 内容来自

　　A. is B. will be C. was D. are

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　　48. Both rice and wheat ____ grown in that country.

　　A. is B. are C. was D. has

　　49. Early to bed and early to rise ____ a good habit.

　　A. are B. is C. were D. was

　　50. To play basketball and to go swimming ____ useful for character-training. 内容来自

　　A. was B. is C. are D. were 内容来自

　　51. Either he or I ____ to attend the mass meeting this evening.

　　A. is B. am C. are D. be

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　　52. ____ either he or I to attend the mass meeting this evening. 内容来自

　　A. is B. am C. are D. be

　　53. An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, ____ to be built here. 内容来自

　　A. are B. were C. is D. will 内容来自

　　54. She as well as her brother ____ a League member. 内容来自

　　A. are B. were C. will D. is

　　55. His family ____ a big one. Now the family ____ watching TV. 内容来自

　　A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are

　　56. It is I who ____ going to attend the meeting tomorrow.

　　A. is B. am C. are D. be

　　57. More than 60% of the students ____ the countryside.

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　　A. is B. are C. is from D. are from

　　58. Many a man ____ the novel.

　　A. has read B. have read C. is read D. are read

　　59. Tom is the only one of the students who ____ going to swim this afternoon.

　　A. is B. was C. are D. were CopyRight .com

　　60. Here ____ a pen, a few pencils and some paper for you.

　　A. are B. is C. was D. were CopyRight .com

答案：

语法复习二：主谓一致

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1~5 AAACA 6~10 CBDAD 11~15 ACABA 16~20 AABDB 21~25 ADCBC

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26~30 BCAAA 31~35 ACAAB 36~40 CABBA 41~45 BCCCA 46~50 ADBBC

51~55 BACDA 56~60 BDAAB

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线话英语语法之：主谓一致

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