线话语法讲堂：权威盘点“不定式 -ing形式”

一、不定式作定语

不定式作定语要放在它所修饰的名词之后，表示一个将来的动作，即不定式的动作发生在谓语之后。多用来修饰have、there be、with之后的名词，表示“有…要…”或修饰“the+序数词”。注意：不定式作定语，被修饰的词是不定式动作发生的时光、地点、工具或对象时，要加上适当的介词。如：

内容来自

1. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person ________.

A. to send                         B. for sending it

C. to send it to                   D. for sending it to

【剖析】谜底选C。the person是send it的对象，可理解为to send it to the person。 内容来自

2. There are five pairs ________, but I’m at a loss which to choose.

A. to be chosen                  B. to choose from

CopyRight .com

C. to choose                      D. for choosing

【分析】答案选B。是“有五双可决定”即“从这五双中筛选一双”而不是“取舍五双”。

3. After she considered the problem, she got a tall box to stand ________.

内容来自

A. by                                 B. on

CopyRight .com

C. up                                 D. with 内容来自

【分析】答案选B。a tall box是stand的地方，即stand on the tall box。 内容来自

4. Then there are always people to ________ if you fell like a chat. 内容来自

A. talk to                             B. talk CopyRight .com

C. speak about                     D. speak

【分析】答案选A。people是talk的对象，即talk to people。

内容来自

二、分词作定语

单个的分词放在所修饰的名词前(left等除外)，分词短语放在所润饰的名词后。被修饰的名词与当初分词在逻辑上是自动关系，现在分词表示正在发生或与谓语同时发生；被修饰的名词与过去分词在逻辑上是被动关系，过去分词的动作发生在谓语之前。留神：现在分词的实现式通常只作状语，而不能作定语。如：

1. The flowers ________ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.

CopyRight .com

A. to smell                           B. smelling

C. smelt                               D. to be smelt 内容来自

【分析】答案选B。“发出香味”与“吸引游客”是同时发生的，打消表示将来的不定式，即A跟D；又因为the flowers与smell (发出…味)是自动关系，所以用当初分词短语作定语。 CopyRight .com

2. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures ________ in your mind instead of before your eyes. CopyRight .com

A. to form                           B. form

CopyRight .com

C. forming                           D. having formed

CopyRight .com

【分析】答案选C。form作“出现、发生”解，是不及物动词，pictures与form是主动关系，用现在分词作定语，表示“图画浮现”与“有”同时发生。留心：这与表示“有…要…”的不定式不同。 CopyRight .com

3. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the ________.

A. 20 dollars remained            B. 20 dollars to remain CopyRight .com

C. remained 20 dollars            D. remaining 20 dollars

内容来自

【分析】答案选D。remain 是不迭物动词，其过去分词无被动含意，用remaining (剩下的)作定语，修饰20 dollars。remaining 20 dollars =20 dollars left

4. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ________ as 3M.

A. knowing                           B. known

C. being known                     D. to be known 内容来自

【分析】答案选B。由于the…company与know是被动关系，所以用从前分词短语作定语，known as 3M = which was known as 3M。

5. The picture ________ on the wall is painted by my nephew.

CopyRight .com

A. having hung                      B. hanging 内容来自

C. hangs                               D. being hung CopyRight .com

【分析】答案选B。hang作“某物悬挂 / 吊在某处”解，是不及物动词，the picture与hang是主动关系，用hanging作定语。

内容来自

6. The disc, digitally ________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. (上海卷)

A. recorded                           B. recording 内容来自

C. to be recorded                   D. having recorded CopyRight .com

【分析】答案选A。the disc(唱片)与record(录制)是被动关系，且record产生在谓语sounded之前，而不是之后，所以不用不定式，而用从前分词作定语。 CopyRight .com

7. The first textbooks ________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16 th century. 内容来自

A. having written                   B. to be written CopyRight .com

C. being written                     D. written

【分析】答案选D。textbooks与write是被动关系，且write发生在谓语came out(出版)之前，而不是之后，所以不必不定式，而要用过去分词作定语。

8. The Olympic Games, ________ in 776 B. C, did not include women players until 1912.

A. first playing                         B. to be first played

C. first played                          D. to be first playing 内容来自

【分析】答案选C。The Olympic games与play是被动关系，消除A跟D；不定式的被动式，表现未来的动作，排除B。

9. —How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? (02北京卷) 内容来自

—The key ________ the problem is to meet the demand ________ by the customers. CopyRight .com

A. to solving, making                B. to solving, made CopyRight .com

C. to solve, making                   D. to solve, made

【分析】答案选B。key to(…的关键)中to是介词，应接动名词，排除C和D；又因名词demand与make是被动关系(made demands提出恳求)，另有by这一标志词暗示，用过去分词作定语。

CopyRight .com

三、to be done, being done, done作定语的差异 CopyRight .com

to be done表示将来，being done表示目前正在发生，done表示过去己经发生。如：

The meeting to be held tomorrow is important. 明天将来要开的会很重要。

The meeting being held now is important. 现在正在开的这个会很重要。

内容来自

The meeting held yesterday was important. 昨天开的那个会议很主要。

五、动名词作定语 内容来自

动名词作定语只放在名词前，说明该名词的性能或用途，不表动作，被修饰的名词与动名词在逻辑上不主谓关系。如drinking water =water for drinking饮用水，climbing shoes =shoes for climbing登山鞋。

线话英语：www.linewow.com

  CopyRight .com