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高考必考英语语法：情态动词考点透视

线话英语|2015-05-11 16:45:20

下面的说明很重要，因为二十多天后的高考中，你的英语卷子中一定会出现，赶紧一个字不露的看清楚来哦~

高考命题特点

　　考点点击：情态动词主要用来表示说话人的看法、立场等，它是英语动词中最难把握的一类，也是每年高考必考内容。

命题热点：为情态动词的基本用法辨析，情态动词表示态度的用法辨析，情态动词表示推测的用法辨析，情态动词在虚拟语气中的运用。

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　　考查形式：重要体现在听力懂得、单项填空和完形填空中。下面就近多少年来高测验题中浮现的情态动词的考点进行演绎分析，以便同学们复习掌握。

　　典例精析内容来自

　　一、考核情态动词的基本用法内容来自

　　一些常见情态动词的意思往往为高考考查的焦点，考生须确切理解其含意并根据句子意思决定正确的情态动词。

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　　例1：“The interest ______be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by CopyRight .com

　　both sides.” declared the judge. (2004重庆)

　　A. may B. should C. must D. shall

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　　例2：— The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it?

　　— Of course. (2003北京春)

　　A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do

　　分析：上述两题均考察 shall的非常用含意，当shall用于一、三人称疑难句中时，表示征求对方见解；用于二、三人称陈述句中，表示谈话人给对方的命令、忠告、许诺或威胁等。上述三题答案辨别为D、B。

　　例3：He’s strange -- he ____ sit for hours without saying anything. 内容来自

　　A. shall B. will C. can D. must

　　分析：will用来谈习惯和特点，尤其是不受时限一定发生的情况。本句意思为“他很怪，能一坐几个小时一句话也不说”。答案为B。

　　例4：John, look at the time. _______ you play the piano at such a late hour？(2005全国Ⅲ)

　　A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need CopyRight .com

　　例5：Tom, you _____leave all your clothes on the floor like this！(2005全国II)

　　A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not

　　分析：must用于疑难句，表示叱责、抱怨的情绪色彩，意思为“偏要，硬要、干嘛”；而mustn’t则表示禁止、不允许，是谈话人强有力的劝告。故答案分离为A、B。 CopyRight .com

　　例6：You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _____ be so rude to a lady. (2001上海) CopyRight .com

　　A. might B. need C. should D. would 内容来自

　　分析：在某些名词性从句中，should 表示惊疑、意外等感情，常译为“居然”。谜底为C。如：It seems unfair that this should happen to me. 真不公平，这件事竟然产生在我身上。内容来自

　　例7：_____it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. CopyRight .com

　　A. Should B. Would C. Could D. Must CopyRight .com

　　分析：在条件状语从句中，should 表示“万一”，即可表示不能实现的假设，又可表示可以实现的假设。该句意思为“万一明天下雨，会议就延期。”答案为A。内容来自

　　例8：A left-luggage office is a place where bags ____ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. (2003全国卷)

　　A. should B. can C. must D. will CopyRight .com

　　例9：The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it ______be very slow. (2005浙江)

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　　A. should B. must C. will D. can

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　　分析：can 表示推测时常用于疑问和否定句中，用于肯定句中常常表示实际上的可能性，用来表达事件或情况可能发生(但并不关涉到是否真的会发生)。故答案分别为B、D。

　　二、考查情态动词的推测用法 CopyRight .com

　　1、对现在或客观事实的推测内容来自

　　对现在或客观事实的肯定推测一般用must, will, should, may(might)或could，语气依次递减。内容来自

　　例10：Helen _____go on the trip with us but she isn’t quite sure yet. (2005安徽)

　　A. shall B. must C. may D. can

　　例11：—I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake. CopyRight .com

　　—It ___ Harry’s. He always wears green. (2005广东) CopyRight .com

　　A. has to be B. will be C. mustn’t be D. could be

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　　例12：That, I think, ____ be all that I want to say.

　　A. can B. could C. will D. ought to

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　　分析：must的语气最强，译为“断定”、“准是”、“想必是”；should的语气次之，译为“很可能”、“应当”，指按常理推测；may (might)译为“兴许、大略”，表示控制不大的推断，后面常跟but。could的语气最弱，译为“兴许”、“可能”。答案分别为C、D、C。内容来自

　　对现在或客观事实的否定推测，常用cannot译为“基本不可能”、“想必不会”，表示推测的语气十分肯定, may not, might not或could not译为“可能不”、“也许不”，表示推测的语气不很肯定。

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　　例13：You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ______ not like the design of the furniture.(2004上海春)

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　　A. must B. shall C. may D. need

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　　例14：--Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?

　　--No, it _______ be him ---I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. (2004全国Ⅰ)

　　A. can’t B. must not C. won’t D. may not

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　　分析：在例13中，might just as well表示“最好……，仍是……为好”，说明喜好的可能性不大，故用may not。例14，根据后面的I’m sure可以看出，推测的语气较强，故用can’t译为“基本不可能”、“想必不会”，表示惊讶、猜疑的感情色彩，常用于否定语气较强时。答案分别为C、 A。

　　对现在或客观事实的疑问推测，往往用can或could，而不必may/might。

　　例15：Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ______ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony？(2001上海春)

　　A. can B. should C. may D. must

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　　分析：对现在或客观事实的疑问推测，往往用can或could，表示惊奇、怀疑、困惑、失望等情感颜色。答案为A。

　　2、对从前事实的揣测

　　对过去已发惹事情的肯定推测常用 “must/may/might +have + v-ed”，“must+ have + v-ed”意思为“想必、准是、必定是”，语气异常肯定且只能用于肯定句，“may/might+ have + v-ed” 意思为“也许、或者”表示推测的把握不大，只能用于肯定或否定句，不用于疑问句；对过去的否定推测常用 “can/could /may’might not + have + v-ed”，意思为“不可能/可能没做过……”；对过去的疑问推测只用“can/could + have + v-ed”，意思为“可能已经……”。

　　例16：He _______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by seaside. (2005北京)

　　A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t 内容来自

　　分析：根据后一分句判断，前一分句应该表示肯定实现了工作，故用“must+ have + v-ed”意思为“想必、准是、必定是”，语气异样肯定且只能用于肯定句。答案为B。

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　　例17：My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _____ your lecture.(2000上海)

　　A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended CopyRight .com

　　C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended 内容来自

　　分析：must表揣摩时，不必于否定，needn’t have +v-ed 表示“本来不用要”，shouldn’t have +v-ed表示“本来不应该”，“can/could not + have + v-ed” 意思为“不可能做过……”。故答案为A。内容来自

　　例18：--Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere. CopyRight .com

　　-- Well. He ______ have gone far----his coat’s still here.(2005湖北)

　　A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t

　　分析：can’t have gone far 在此表示当初对从前所发生事件的否认推测，意思为“当初不可能走远了”；答案为C。

　　三、考查情态动词的虚构用法

　　例19：—I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. 内容来自

　　--You________ her last week. (2004福建) 内容来自

　　A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told

　　分析：对过去发生事情的责备或遗憾应用“情态动词+have + v-ed”，据此可打消答案A、C，而would+have +v-ed常用于过去的虚构语气中，should(ought to)+ have + v-ed”表示本应该做某事而实际上不做，含有责怪的含义。其否定式表示某种举动不该发生但却发生了。故答案为D。

　　例20：He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. (2005山东)

　　A. could B. would C. must D. need

　　分析：“could+ have + v-ed” 用于肯定句中，表示本来可能做成某事的但结果没能做成，含有遗憾的象征，侧重有才干而没能做成。该句意思为：“他花钱买了座位，而他本来可能免费进去的”。答案为A。内容来自

　　例21：You should not have swum in that river. You ____ have been eaten by fish.

　　A. must B. may C. will D. might

　　剖析：前一分句的should not have swum表示斥责，后一分句则表明有被鱼吃掉的可能性。“might+ have + v-ed” 用于确定句中，表现原来有可能做成某事但成果没能做成，含有遗憾的象征，着重有某种可能性但没能做成,英语书面语。

　　例22：—Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. CopyRight .com

　　—Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself. (2005福建)

　　A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done 内容来自

　　分析：“needn’t+ have + v-ed” 表示本来不用做某事而实际上做了某事，无批评责备之意，只是惋惜罢了。如You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本不需要浇花的，因为天就要下雨了。答案为B。

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　　备考倡导 CopyRight .com

　　掌握情态动词的根本词义及其用法是掌握情态动词的关键，同时要当真比较每个情态动词的用法，注意其细微差别，如shall, can, must, should, will的用法差异；熟悉每个情态动词的适用场合，依据语境及说话人的语气取舍恰当的情态动词，如用于推测时，must只用于肯定句中，can一般不能用于肯定句中。may/might不能用于疑问句中；牢记情态动词表示推测的用法，尤其是对过去发生情形的推测；积累虚拟语气的用法，尤其是一些句势跟特殊情况。

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　　情态动词考点透视 CopyRight .com

　　练兵场 CopyRight .com

　　1. Has it been warned that all the children in this area ____ stay at their homes until the Bird Flu has been controlled?

　　A. can B. willl C. may D. shall

　　2. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ____ for her. CopyRight .com

　　A. had to write it out B. must have written it out

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　　C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out 内容来自

　　3. Jack _____ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me. 内容来自

　　A. mustn’t have arrived B. shouldn’t have arrived 内容来自

　　C. can’t have arrived D. needn’t have arrived

　　4. Sir, you ______be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.

　　A. mustn’t B. can’t C. won’t D. needn’t

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　　5. The driver has drunk too much wine and dangerous things _____ happen at any time.

　　A. should B. can C. must D. need

　　6. — Is John coming by train?

　　— He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.

　　A. must B. can C. need D. may

　　7. It has been announced that candidates _______ remain in their seats until all the papers have

　　been collected.

　　A. can B. will C. may D. shall

　　8. Why did you throw the bottle out of the window? You ____ somebody.

　　A. might hurt B. could have hurt C. would hurt D. must have hurt

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　　9. —Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. CopyRight .com

　　—_______.

　　A. I don’t B. I won’t C. I can’t D. I haven’t CopyRight .com

　　10. I didn’t see her in the meeting-room this morning. She ______ at the meeting.

　　A. mustn’t have spoken B. shouldn’t have spoken

　　C. needn’t have spoken D. couldn’t have spoken

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　　11.—Summer Holiday is drawing near. Are you going home for the holiday?

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　　—I haven’t decided yet. I ______ go home, but it depends on the weather. CopyRight .com

　　A. must B. need C. may D. will

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　　12. This couple had been separated twenty years, you _____imagine how happy they were when they met again.

　　A. might B. will C. can D. must 内容来自

　　13. We ______last night, but we went to the concert instead.

　　A. must have studied B. might study

　　C. should have studied D. would study CopyRight .com

　　14. She _____ listen to records, alone in her room for hours. We just won’t interrupt her, for we know this is her usual way to stay in peace.

　　A. might B. must C. will D. should

　　15. -–Well done, Tom! CopyRight .com

　　-- Thanks, but given me more time, I ___ it much better. CopyRight .com

　　A. shouldn’t have done B. should have done

　　C. might not do D. could have done

　　1-5 DCCAB 6-10 DDBBD 11-15CCCCD
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