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关于英语介词的用法讲解

线话英语|2013-04-25 11:19:56

  英语介词分好多。如in/at/till/to等等。那么这些介词的用法是什么呢。相信很多同学还在疑惑中。下面给大家讲解的就是关于介词的用法。

  (1)表示时间的介词in的用法如下。

  表示在某一较长时间内,如世纪、年、月、季、周等一般用介词in,

  如:in the 1990s, in the year, in January, in(the) winter / summer / fall / spring, in the first week of May。

  还可以用时段名词组成固定短语或词组。如:in a while, in no time, in the daytime, in a short while, in time, in the morning (afternoon, evening)。但要注意:

  ①at night / at noon, in the day(在白天),in the night(大夜间)。

  ②in five days(weeks, months, years)中in意思是“在……以后”。

  ③in和during表一段时间内两词可互用。如:in the night, during the night, in the war, during the war。但略有区别:当接表示“活动”的抽象名词时多用during,接“活动”的动名词及短语时用in。如:

  表示某一时刻或某一点时间的介词at的用法如下:

  at breakfast(supper, lunch),at six

  at noon (sunrise, sunset, midday, night, midnight, dawn)

  at the age of 15, at the time of war,但in time of danger/ trouble。

  注意:有些时间名词前不接介词。如:

  next day、last Sunday、that morning、these years

  one、each、any、every、some、all修饰时,一般不用介词,如some day

  one day、yesterday / afternoon,the night before

  (4)介词till、until、to的用法。

  ①till(until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中,与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。如:

  He waited for me till twelve o’clock.

  He didn’t get up till(until) 10 a.m.(不可用to).

  但注意:在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用till而用until。如:

  Not until 9 a.m.did Mr.Smith come back to school.

  (5)介词in、after、later的用法如下

  ①in + 一段时间:表示说话时为起点一段时间之后,与一般将来时连用;但表示“在……之内”时,用于各种时态。

  ②一段时间 + later(later是副词):表示某一具体时间或某一方面具体时间算起的一段时间后。

  ③after + 一段时间表示:“在……之后”,用于一般过去时;但时间为点时间时,只能用after,即after + 点时间,用于各种时态。

  The doctor will be with us in six minutes.

  She graduated in 1981,and eight years later she became the manager of the factory.

  He received her letter after four weeks.

  另外,in + 一段时间 + ’s + time 与 within + 一段时间的用法如下:

  in a week’s time = in a week

  They will arrive in three days’ time.(与将来时连用)

  My brother’s birthday is in two weeks’ time.(作表语)

  I’ll finish the book within two weeks.(within = in less than…用于各种时态,不超出,在……之内)

  (6)地点介词at、on、in、to、across、through、over、under、below用法如下

  ①at 在较小的场所,in在较大的场所,on在……的平面上。如at the door、at the airport、at the station、at 55 Park Street、in China、in the north、in Asia、on the desk、on the wall等。

  ②on、at、in还可以表示两地相对位置。若A地属于B地,用in;A地位于B地的外面且有边缘衔接用on;无边缘的衔接有to。如:

  Japan lies to the east of China.(范围之外)

  Taiwan lies in the southeast of China.(范围之外)

  Hunan province lies on the west of Hubei province.(毗邻)

  The island lies off the coast of China.(相隔一定距离)

  ③地点介词的引申、比喻意义:in the sun在阳光下,in the dark(ness)在黑暗中,in the dark不知道,in freezing weather在严寒天气中,in the mud在泥中,in the earth在地下,in the desert在沙漠中,in a heavy rain 在大雨中,in the snow / wind在雪/风中,in public 当众,in trouble 在困境中,get into trouble陷入困境,out of trouble摆脱困难,beyond hope绝望。

  ④across在物体表面“穿过”;through则表示在三维空间内部“穿过”。如:

  They walked across the playground.

  I walked through the forest.

  ⑤over / under / above / below。

  over、above译作“在……之上”;under、below译作“在……的下面”,其区别在于over、under表示一种直接的、垂直的上下关系;而above、below则表示一般的“高于”或“低于”,不一定是垂直“在上”或“在下”。如:

  A little boat is now under the bridge.

  There is a bridge over the river.

  The sun sinks below the horizon(地平线)

  The window is well above the tree.

  ⑥表示地点介词的静态性和动态性

  across the fields 跨过田野……, over the desert跨越沙漠

  across the river横跨这条河……, over the hill翻过这座山

  be in the house(静态,在这里……) stay out of the car(静态,在……外)

  go into the house(动态,进入) fly out of the country(动态,离开)

  (7)表示方式、手段、工具的介词用法如下

  ①by the year/hour/day按年/小时/天。如He rent a house by the year(day,hour).(按by+the+单位名称)但to the pound按磅算,to the ton按吨计。

  ②表泛指的方式、手段

  by post/mail邮寄,by telephone(radio),但on the phone/on the radio/on TV(电讯器材),by electricity用电,by machinery用电器,by hard work,learn sth.by heart,through the satellite,through practice,through his own efforts,through experience,through the telescop

  ③交通工具类

  by bus/train/car/taxi(road)

  by bike/bicycle,on horse back/on foot

  by plane/jet/spaceship,by air

  by ship/boat/lifeboat,by sea/by water

  另外:by means of 用……方法,by way of 经由,取道于,用……方法,with the help (permission)of sb./with sb.’s help (permis-sion)。

  ④表方式、手段的其他用法

  He beat the dog with a whip.(with+工具机器)

  One smells with his nose.(with+人体器官,但by hand“手工,用手”)

  He stood up with pride.(with+情绪、情感、态度的名词)

  注意:使用语言、材料、文字等用in。如in English(ink,pencil)。另外如:in high (good,low)spirits,in anger,in joy,in comfort,in sorrow,in safety,in danger,in need,in debt,in love,in fun,in pain,in tears,in surprise,in good(poor)health,in good order,in flower,in a way,in a low voice,in silence,in(with)satisfaction,in a hurry,in(with)words,live/feed on food,kneel on one’s knee,take(catch)sb.by surprise(出其不意)

  以上给大家介绍的就是不同介词在句子中的运用。希望对同学们有所帮组。

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