外国人和美国人涌向迈阿密(双语阅读)

　　Today we tell the story of the Miami, Florida. The area is very popular with travelers. The clear skies and sunny days bring people from all over the world. Some visitors return to live in the warm weather and the beautiful semi-tropical environment.

　　You can find Miami easily on a map of the United States. It is on the southeastern end of the southern state of Florida. Miami is part of Dade County, which contains many other cities and towns. Together, those neighborhoods make up the area known as Greater Miami.

　　The First Miami Residents

　　The name "Miami" comes from an Indian word. Many Native Americans lived in the area when the Spanish arrived in 1565. However, the native population decreased because of European diseases and war with the European settlers. The natives who remained lived under Spanish control until 1821, when Spain sold Florida to the United States.

　　The Seminole Indian tribe strongly opposed American rule. The Seminoles fought three wars with the United States Army. Finally, in about 1858, the Seminoles withdrew to the wet, tropical land of the Everglades, where they refused to surrender.

　　Three Women Built Miami

　　In the 1890s, the Miami area had fewer than 500 white American settlers. Over the next century, three women strongly influenced the development of the area. The first was Julia Tuttle. She is known as the Mother of Miami.

　　Julia Tuttle was a wealthy widow from the north who owned land in Miami. She believed that Miami could someday be an important link between the United States and South America. So, she offered land to businessman Henry Flagler, who owned what became known as the Florida East Coast Railway system. He extended his railroad to Miami.

　　The area grew quickly after the railroad arrived in 1896. But, a powerful ocean storm damaged Miami in 1926. Then, in the 1930s, the Great Depression slowed most new building projects.

　　The city began growing again after World War II. Miami became a leading center of trade with countries in the Caribbean, Central America and South America. Many people from other parts of the United States moved to Florida permanently to enjoy the warm weather.

　　Only 50 years after Julia Tuttle made her deal with Henry Flagler, the population of the Greater Miami area had grown to about 500,000 people.

　　In 1947, the writer Marjorie Stoneman Douglas helped people in Miami understand how development could destroy the Everglades. The Everglades are huge wetlands. They include grasslands and a very shallow, slow river. Marjorie Stoneman Douglas' book, called "River of Grass," explained how important the Everglades were to the survival of Miami. That same year marked the opening of the Everglades National Park.

　　The third woman to influence Miami was Barbara Baer Capitman. During the 1970s, she organized a campaign to save Art Deco style buildings in the city of Miami Beach.

　　Many business people and local officials opposed Barbara Capitman's efforts. They saw old and damaged buildings, but she saw historic architecture.

　　She succeeded in having the Art Deco area added to the National Register of Historic Places. Miami Beach is now famous for the more than 800 colorful buildings designed in the Art Deco style.

　　Miami Today

　　Today, about two million people live in and around Miami-Dade County. Many adults leave colder climates to retire in its warm weather.

　　Miami is also home to many immigrants from around the world. About 50 percent of people in the Miami area come from Spanish-speaking countries in Central America and South America. Haitians are the second largest immigrant group. Canadians sometimes call the Miami area Quebec-in-the-Tropics because so many French Canadians retire there.

　　MUSIC: Jimmy Buffet, "Changes in Latitudes, Changes in Attitudes"

　　Miami has thousands of manufacturing companies. The port of Miami is a center for international trade and passenger ships. The warm weather has helped the local agriculture industry grow to be one of the largest in the United States.

　　Tourism is another of the city's most important industries. About ten million people visit Miami every year. There are more visitors from other countries than from the United States.

　　Many visitors come to swim in the warm waters of Biscayne Bay or the Atlantic Ocean. Some take boat trips into the Everglades, where they can see many kinds of birds. They might even see alligators.

　　Visitors to the Miami area can enjoy many kinds of sporting events. They can also choose from among many music, theater and dance performances.

　　Cuban-Americans MakeTheir Mark

　　The music of Cuban-American rapper Armando Perez represents some of the culture of Miami. He uses a stage name of Pit Bull when he performs. He is also called Mr. Worldwide.

　　Here he performs "Feel This Moment" with singer Christina Aguilera. The song is from his album "Global Warming."

　　Most Cubans in the Miami area came to the United States in the 1960s and 1970s. They came after Fidel Castro ousted Cuban leader Fulgencio Batista in 1959.

　　Cuban-Americans play an important part in Miami politics. Miami-born Marco Rubio represents Florida in the United States Senate. Joe Garcia represents part of Miami in the House of Representatives. Like Senator Rubio, Congressman Garcia's parents came from Cuba. Congresswoman Ileana Ros-Lehtinen was born in Cuba. She also represents part of the Miami area in Congress.

　　Some Cuban-Americans live in a Miami neighborhood called Little Havana. Visitors to the main street, called Calle Ocho, or Eighth Street, leave with the smell of strong Cuban coffee and businesses where people roll tobacco into cigars.

　　Visitors can eat traditional Cuban food at restaurants like Versailles. This unofficial Cuban community center has been included in books and films about life in Miami.

　　That was "Conga" sung by Gloria Estefan, another Cuban-American.

　　Many Haitians Also Call Miami Home

　　Miami is home to many people from other Caribbean countries. More than 100,000 Haitians live in the Greater Miami area.

　　One neighborhood is known as Little Haiti. The walls of some of the buildings there are painted with huge murals. The pictures tell the history of the Haitian people.

　　A restaurant called Tap Tap in Miami Beach is known for its Haitian food and for performances by the singer and Haitian activist Manno Charlemagne.

　　Like many people in Miami, he fled repression in his country. Later, he returned to Haiti and served as the mayor of Port Au Prince. Here he sings in Haitian Creole.

　　Wheelchair Thieves and Other Miami Characters

　　The reporter and fiction writer Carl Hiaasen writes for the Miami Herald newspaper. Local people tell their friends from other places to read his books to understand Miami. The writer says he gets all of his ideas from south Florida newspapers.

　　CBS News correspondent Steve Kroft spoke to Mr. Hiaasen for the television news show "60 Minutes." The reporter asked about some of the people who appear in Mr. Hiassen's novels.

　　STEVE KROFT: Are these stories true or inventions of your imagination? Professional wheelchair thief?

　　CARL HIAASEN: True.

　　STEVE KROFT: School board candidate whose legal residence turned out to be a tool shed?

　　CARL HIAASEN: True.

　　STEVE KROFT: South Florida mayor who tried to hire City Hall workers to kill her husband?

　　CARL HIAASEN: Yep. Yep. I believe she's gotten a new trial since then. But there was testimony that she solicited for a hit man in City Hall.

　　STEVE KROFT: All those are true?

　　CARL HIAASEN: I wish I had made them up. I wish I had made them up.

　　Writer Carl Hiaasen says the true stories of Miami are much wilder than those he could invent.

　　This program was written by Jerilyn Watson and Onka Dekker. I'm Madeline Smith.

　　今天我们说一篇关于美国佛罗里达州迈阿密的故事。这个地区是非常著名的旅游胜地。湛蓝的天空和明媚的阳光吸引了世界各地的人们。一些游览者再次回来并居住在这温暖气候和美丽亚热带环境中。

　　你可以轻而易举地在美国地图中找到迈阿密。它位于佛罗里达州东南角的最南边。迈阿密是戴德县的一部分，还包括其他的城市和县治。所有街区在一起构成了伟大的迈阿密。

　　迈阿密的首批居民

　　“迈阿密”这个名字起源来自印度安人语。在1565年西班牙人登陆这片土地之前，许多美国土著人居住在这个区域。然而，土著人口随着欧洲人带来的疾病以及与欧洲殖民者的战争而减少。土著人民一直生活在西班牙人的统治下直到1821年西班牙将佛罗里达州卖给美国。

　　塞米诺尔印度安仁的部落江磊反对美国统治。塞米诺尔人和美军发起了3次战争。最终，在1858年左右，塞米诺尔人撤离到湿地，一个热带地区的沼泽地以示他们拒绝投降。

　　三个女人建造了迈阿密

　　在19世纪90年代，迈阿密地区只有不到500人的白种美国移民者。过了一个世纪，有三个女人对发展迈阿密地区起了巨大的影响。第一位女性就是茱蒂娅·塔特尔。她被称为迈阿密之母。

　　茱蒂娅·塔特尔是一个富有的寡妇，居住在迈阿密西部并拥有自己的土地。她相信迈阿密会在某一天成为美国与南美洲的重要连接口。因此，她将土地提供给商人哈里·弗莱格勒，他拥有著名的佛罗里达州东海岸铁路系统。他将他的铁路线向南延伸到迈阿密。

　　在1896年铁路修建后，迈阿密地区迅速的发展。但是，1926年的迈阿密的大飓风结束了这场经济泡沫。紧接着，19世纪30年代的经济大萧条又减缓了大部分新修建的工程进度。

　　迈阿密在二战之后有重新迅速的发展，迈阿密成为加勒比地区，中美洲以及南美洲的贸易中心。许多人从美国其他地区迁入佛罗里达这个永久气候温暖适宜的地方。

　　仅仅在茱蒂娅·塔特尔和哈里·弗莱格勒合作后的50年，迈阿密地区的人口增长到50万。

　　在1947年，作家马乔里·斯通曼·道格拉斯让迈阿密人知道发展城市会破坏沼泽区。

　　沼泽是一个巨型的湿地。其包括草地和河溪。马乔里·斯通曼·道格拉斯的书名为“青草之河”，这本书解释了沼泽地对迈阿密的生存环境有多么重要。同年，迈阿密开放了国家湿地公园。

　　第三位对迈阿密具有影响的是芭芭拉·贝尔·凯比特曼。在20世纪70年代，她组织了一场运动为拯救迈阿密海滩的艺术装饰建筑。

　　许多商人和当地政府反对芭芭拉·凯比特曼的提议。他们看见的是破旧的建筑但是芭芭拉·凯比特曼所看见的是具有历史意义的建筑。

　　她成功的将具有艺术装饰建筑的区域添加进国家历史遗迹的史册。现金，迈阿密海滩拥有超过800栋各式各样的具有艺术装饰建筑风格的建筑。

　　今日的迈阿密

　　如今，大约有200万人居住在迈阿密-戴德县以及其周围。许多成人离开气候寒冷地区迁入气候温暖的迈阿密。

　　迈阿密也是世界各地移民的家。大约50%的迈阿密人都来自于中美洲和南美洲中使用西班牙语的国家。海地人是第二大迈阿密移民群。有时候，加拿大人称迈阿密为热带因为许多法国裔加拿大人也移民到迈阿密。

　　音乐：杰米·巴菲特，“随纬度的变化而改变态度”

　　迈阿密拥有数千家制造公司。迈阿密的有些地区是国际贸易和海上运输业的中心。温暖的气候使当地农业发展为美国最大农业区之一。

　　旅游业是迈阿密另一个非常重要的行业。每年大约有一千万有课游览迈阿密。国外游客比国内游客多。

　　许多游客来到比斯坎湾的或大西洋的温暖水域游泳。有人乘船游览到沼泽地，在那儿可以看见许多种鸟类。他们甚至还有可能见到钝吻鳄。

　　游客还可以在迈阿密进行许多体育运动以及选择不同类型的音乐、戏剧和舞蹈表演。

　　古巴裔美国人创建自己的商标

　　古巴裔美国人的说唱歌手阿曼多·佩雷斯有许多含有迈阿密文化的音乐作品。他在演出时使用艺名Pit Bull。他还被称为全球先生。

　　在这里他和歌手克里斯蒂娜·阿奎莱拉一起演唱了歌曲“感受这一刻“，这首歌选自他的专辑”全球变暖“

　　在二十世纪六七十年代，大多数在迈阿密地区的古巴人来到美国。在1959年他们追随菲德尔·卡斯特罗 (Fidel Castro)罢黜了古巴领导人富尔亨西奥·巴蒂斯塔。

　　古巴裔美国人在迈阿密政治中占有重要的位置。出生在迈阿密的马可·卢比奥在美国参议员中代表佛罗里达州。乔·加西亚在众议院中代表迈阿密的部分地区。像参议员卢比奥和众议院加西亚的父母都来自于古巴。女众议员罗斯 - 莱赫蒂宁出生在古巴。她也在众议院中代表迈阿密的部分地区。

　　一些古巴裔美国人居住的迈阿密街区被称为小哈瓦那。游客游览的主要街区被称为卡莱欧丘里欧和第八大街，你离开时会带着浓香的古巴咖啡和商人们制作的手卷烟的气味。

　　游客可以在凡尔赛餐厅里品尝到传统的古巴食物。在非官方的古巴社区中心已将迈阿密的生活包含在书籍和电影中。

　　那个唱“Conga”的歌手凯莱·斯芬特是另一个古巴裔美国人。

　　许多海地人也称迈阿密为家

　　许多来自其他加勒比国家的人居住在迈阿密。超过10万的海地人居住在迈阿密地区。

　　有个街区被称为“小海地”。有些建筑的外墙用大量的壁画来粉刷。这些壁画述说了海地人的历史。

　　迈阿密有一家名为自来水塔的餐厅，它因海地美食和歌手、海地的积极分子曼诺·查理曼在这演出而出名。

　　就像许多迈阿密人，曼诺·查理曼感觉代表着自己的国家。之后，他回到海地并担任太子港的市长。

　　他在这儿用海地克里奥语演唱。

　　轮椅飞贼和其他迈阿密人物

　　记者和小说家卡尔·希尔森是迈阿密先驱报的记者。当地人告诉他们的外地朋友去读卡尔·希尔森的书来了解迈阿密。作者说他所有的写作灵感都来自于南佛罗里达州时报。

　　哥伦比亚广播公司的记者史蒂夫·克罗夫特在电视新闻节目“六十分钟”中采访了希尔森先生。记者谈论了几个在希尔森小说里的人物。

　　史蒂夫·克罗夫特：这些故事是真实的还是你自己的想像出来的?例如专业轮椅贼?

　　卡尔·希尔森：都是真实的。

　　史蒂夫·克罗夫特：南佛罗里达州市长试图雇佣市长厅的员工刺杀自己的丈夫是吗?

　　卡尔·希尔森：是的，是的。我相信自那以后她会受到新制裁。有份口供曾说她想要杀死那位市长厅的员工。

　　史蒂夫·克罗夫特：这些都是真的吗?

　　卡尔·希尔森：我情愿是我做的这些事。我情愿是我做的这些事。

　　作家卡尔·希尔森说还有许多迈阿密的真实故事等着他去发现。

　　节目撰稿人是 Jerilyn Watson和Onka Dekker，我是Madeline Smith.