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英语不定代词的用法

线话英语|2012-09-07 11:19:30

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  英语不定代词的用法如下:

  不定代词是历年来高考试题中考查最多的一类。在学习过程中应特别注意以下几组代词的用法:

  一 . some 与 any 的用法

  1. some 用于肯定句以及表示建议或期待得到肯定回答的问句。修饰单数名词时,意为“某个”。如:

  I have some questions about the assignment.

  Would you mind buying me some sweet?

  (希望得到肯定答复)。

  2. any 用于否定句和疑问句时,表示“一些”。用于肯定句时,只和单数名词或不可数名词连用,表示“任何”。如:

  The medicine is on sale every where. You can get it at any chemist's.

  二 . each 与 every 的用法

  1. each 强调个体,表示两个或两个以上中的“每一个”,在句中可充当主语、宾语、定语和同位语。如:

  There are trees and flowers at each side of the road.

  2. every 强调整体,表示三者或三者以上中的“每一个”,只能作定语,不能说 every of them ,要说 every one of them .如:

  Every student in our class works hard.

  三 . no one 与 none 的用法

  1. no one 意为“没有人”,只能指人,不能指物,不可与介词 of 连用,谓语动词用单数形式,回答 who 引导的问句。如:

  — Who is in the classroom?

  — No one.

  2. none 既可指人,也可指物,强调数量,意为“一点也不,一个也不”;谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数;常与 of 连用,通常指“三者以上的人或物中没有一个”,回答 how much 和 how many 引导的问句。如:

  They were all tired, but none of them would stop to have a rest.

  四 . other, another, others, any other, the other 的用法

  1. other 表示泛指,意为“另外的、其它的”。常与复数名词或不可数名词连用。如果其前有 the, this, some, any, each, every, no, one 以及形容词性物主代词时,其后就可接单数名词。如:

  I have no other place to go.

  2. another 常用于指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个”,泛指单数。可单独使用,也可后接名词。如果其后接复数名词,则表示“又、再、还”。如:

  This cap is too small for me. Show me another (one)。

  We need another three assistants in our shop.

  3. others :它是 other 的复数形式,表示泛指,意为“别的人或物”,但不指全部。特指时在其前加定冠词;前面可加任何限定词以及数量词。如:

  He has more concern for others than for himself.

  4. any other 表示一个之外的其他任何一个,而不是两个之中的另一个。如:

  China is larger than any other country in Asia.

  5. the other :表示两者中的另外一个。可单独使用,也可接单数名词。如:

  No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to the other.

  五 . all 与 both 的用法

  均表示“都”,但 all 表示三者以上的人或物, both 则表示两个人或物。二者都表示肯定意义,如果与 not 连用时,则表示部分否定。

  六 . neither 与 either 的用法

  都可用于表示两个人或物。 neither 表否定意义,意为“(两者中的每一个)都不”;而 either 表肯定意义,意为“(两者中的每一个)都”。都可单独使用,也可同介词 of 连用。如:

  Both teams were in hard training; neither willing to lose the game.

  — Do you want tea or coffee?

  — Either. I really don't mind.

  七 . it, one 和 that

  1. it 可指代可数名词和不可数名词。常常指代上文中“ the+ 名词”或“物主代词 + 名词”中的名词,表示同一件事物,但 it 代替的事物属于特指。它的复数形式是 they 或 them .如:

  The Parkers bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.

  2. one 所表示的名词(可指人或物)和前面所提到的名词只是同一类中的任何一个,不是指其中某一个。不能代替不可数名词。复数形式是 ones .如:

  I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have one.

  3. That 指代的也是同一类事物而不是同一个事物,但 that 代替的是有定冠词的名词,表特指,它还可以代替不可数名词。用 that 来代替前面已出现的可数名词( that 相当于 the one )或不可数名词时,后面一定要跟修饰语,且 that 只能指物。如:

  No bread eaten by man is so sweet as that earned by his own labor.

  总之,我们在使用不定代词时,一要注意指代的范围;二要注意是表示肯定还是否定;三要注意词性(它们还可用作形容词)。

  练一练

  1. After a long walk, they were ______________ very tired, but ________________ of them would stop to have a rest.

  A. all; neither B. both; none

  C. all; no one D. both; neither

  2. — Why don't we take a little break?

  — Didn't we just have ______________?

  A. it B. that C. one D. this

  3. Few pleasure can equal ______________ of a cool drink on a hot day. ( NMET1999 )

  A. some B. any C. that D. those

  4. — He was nearly drowned once.

  — Where was ______________?

  — _____________ was in 1998 when he was in middle school.

  A. that; It B. this; This

  C. this; It D. that; This

  5. Some of the wheat is from Canada. What about ________________?

  A. another B. the other

  C. others D. the rest

  6. Young people may grow quickly in some ways and more slowly in _____________.

  A. the other B. some other

  C. others D. these others

  key:

  1. D 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. C

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