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大学英语语法:非延续性动词的用法特征

线话英语|2015-05-11 16:23:14

  1. 非延续性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于当初实现时的大学英语语法。如:


The train has arrived. 火车到了。

Have you joined the computer group? 你加入电脑小组了吗?

  2. 非延续性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续。因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限断定句)。如:

(1) 他去世了三年了。

误:He has died for three years.

正:He has been dead for three years.

正:He died three years ago.

正:It is three years since he died.

正:Three years has passed since he died.

(2) 他来这儿五天了。

误:He has come here for five days.

正:He has been here for five days.

正:He came here five days ago.

正:It is five days since he came here. CopyRight .com

正:Five days has passed since he came here.

(1)、(2)句中的die、come为非延续性动词,不能与表示“时间段”的状语连用。那么,应如何正确表白呢?大学英语语法可以采用下面的四种方式:

a. 将句中非延续性动词转换为相应的连续性动词,如上面两例中的第一种准确表白方法。下面列举多少例:leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。

b. 将句中表示“时光段”的状语改为表现从前判断时间的状语,如下面两例中的第二种正确抒发方式。

c. 用句型"It is+段时间+since..."抒发原意,如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。

d. 用句型"时间+has passed+since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。

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  3. 非延续性动词可用于当初实现时否认式中,成为可以延续的状态,因而可与表示“时间段”的状语连用。如:

He hasn't left here since 1986. 从1986年以来他就没分开过这里。

I haven't heard from my father for two weeks. 我已经两周没收到我父亲的来信了。

4. 非连续性动词的否定式与until/till连用,构成"not+终止性动词+until/till..."的句型,意为“直到……才……”。

   大学英语语法例句:

You can't leave here until I arrive. 直到我到了,你才华离开这里。

I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight. 今天晚上直到我画完画,我才去睡觉。

  5. 非延续性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中,但不能够用于while勾引的时间状语从句中。

因为when表示的时间可以是“时间点”(从句谓语动词用非延续性动词),也可能是“时间段”(从句谓语动词用延续性动词);大学英语语法注意而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程,从句谓语动词要用延续性动词。如:

When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock.(reach为终止性动词)

Please look after my daughter while/when we are away.(be away为延续性动词短语)

  6. 终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于确定句)。如:

误:How long have you come here?

正:How long have you been here?

正:When did you come here?

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大学英语语法
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