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教您英语句子成分分析详解

线话英语|2015-05-11 16:23:40

   英语句子与汉语句子一样,都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此,只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分,才华正确分析、理解句子的含意,并能准确地遣词造句,逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。英语句子成分也和汉语一样,我们可以进行解剖们从而掌握。

  请同学们认真阅读下面的问答,我相信它必定会对同窗们起到抛砖引玉的作用。

内容来自

 

  【问】什么是英语句子成分?英语句子包含哪些成分?

 

 

  【答】组成句子的各个局部叫做英语句子成分。它包括:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语跟宾语补足语等。

内容来自

 

  【问】各英语句子成分在句中的作用如何?辨别由哪些词及短语充当?

CopyRight .com

 

  【答】 CopyRight .com

  1.主语:是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,畸形由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充任。如:

 

 

  The car is running fast.(名词)

内容来自

 

  We are students.(代词) CopyRight .com

  One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词)

 

 

  It's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式)

内容来自

 

  Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词) CopyRight .com

  【留神】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。

 

 

  2.谓语:解释主语的动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词跟助动词。实义动词单独作谓语,连络动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语,助动词与动词原形奇特构成谓语部分。如:

CopyRight .com

 

  He works in a factory.(实义动词)

  I felt cold.(系动词+表语) CopyRight .com

  How can I get to the station?(情态动词+实义动词)

 

 

  Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词)

  They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词)

  【在英语句子成分分心时留心】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要彼此照料。

内容来自

 

  3.宾语:是及物动词所波及的对象,一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。如:

  He is doing his homework.(名词) 内容来自

  They did nothing this morning.(代词)

内容来自

 

  She wants to go home.(不定式)

  We enjoy playing football.(动名词)

  【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语,间接宾语指人,直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有:give,buy,lend,pass, tell,leave等。如: CopyRight .com

  He bought me a book.

 

 

  Pass me the ball,will you?(间宾+直宾)

  直接宾语个别放在间接宾语之后,但若把直接宾语放在前面,则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或 for等。如: CopyRight .com

  Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾) 内容来自

  Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾)

  ②有的动词常用不定式作宾语,而不能用动名词。这类动词有:want,wish, hope,promise,decide,agree, choose,care等。如:

  I hope to see you again. CopyRight .com

  ③有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语,而不用不定式。这类动词有:enjoy,finish,mind,practise,miss, suggest,keep(on)等。如:

内容来自

 

  Do you mind my opening the window?

 

 

  ④有的动词后接不定式与动名词含意不同。

  a)forget to do表示“未发生的动作”,forget doing表示“已实现的动作”。如: CopyRight .com

  Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来)

  I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了)

  b)stop to do(不定式为状语)表现“停下

 

 

  原来的事,去做另一件事”,stop doing表示“停止做某事”。如:

  I stopped to talk with him.(我停下来与他谈话。)

  The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老师进来时学生们停止谈话。) CopyRight .com

  4.定语:用于修饰名词或代词,一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如: 内容来自

  What a beautiful kite it is!(形容词)

CopyRight .com

 

  She is a chemistry teacher.(名词)

CopyRight .com

 

  There are two students in the classroom.(数词) 内容来自

  We have something to do tomorrow(不定式)

  The man in blue is my brother.(介词短语)

  【注意】定语普通位于被润饰词之前,但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语,则放在后面。 CopyRight .com

  5.状语:用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当英语句子成分。单个副词作状语个别放在被修饰词之前,短语或从句放在句首或句末。如:

内容来自

 

  Thank you very much.(副词)

 

 

  I get up at five in the morning.(介词短语)

内容来自

 

  He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短语) 内容来自

  We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.(从句)

内容来自

 

  【注意】enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如:

  He is old enough to go to school. CopyRight .com

  6.表语:用于说明主语的身份、特色或感想,一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有:be,look,get,sound(听起来),feel,become, smell,turn,taste(尝起来)等的英语句子成分。如:

  They are workers.(名词)

  Two and three is five.(数词)

 

 

  The story is very interesting.(形容词) CopyRight .com

  M y job(工作)is teaching English.(动名词) CopyRight .com

  She is at home.(介词短语) CopyRight .com

  I feel terrible.(形容词) 内容来自

  The dish tastes delicious.(形容词)

  7.宾语补足语:用于补充阐明宾语的动作,正常位于宾语之后,宾语与宾语补足语一起形成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有:tell,let,help,teach, ask,see,have,order,make等。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。如:

 

 

  We elected him monitor.(名词) 内容来自

  I found it difficult to learn English well.(形容词)

内容来自

 

  The doctor told me to do more exercise.(不定式短语) 内容来自

  He is going to have his hair cut.(从前分词)

  They saw a bird flying in the sky.(当初分词)

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英语句子成分

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