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宾语从句专项语法高中英语辅导

线话英语|2015-05-11 16:23:56

  在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句的高中英语辅导

  1.语序

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  无论主句是陈述句仍是疑难句,宾语从句都必须应用陈说语序,即“主句+连词+宾语从句(主语+谓语+……)”句式。依据衔接词在从句中所担当的不同成分,可分为以下四种: 内容来自

  1)连接词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有: who,what,which等高中英语辅导。如:

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  Could you tell me who knows the answer,please?你能告诉我谁知道答案吗? 内容来自

  The small children don't know what is in their stockings.这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西? 内容来自

  2)连接词+名词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有:whose,what,which,how many,how much等。如:

 

 

  He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。

 

 

  The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room.老师问咱们房间里有多少人。

  3)连接词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有:who(m),what,which,how many,how much, when,why,how,where,if /whether(在句中不充当任何成分)等。如: CopyRight .com

  He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi.他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。 CopyRight .com

  Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗?

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  4)连接词+名词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有:what,which,how many,how much,how等。如: 内容来自

  Do you know which class he is in ?你晓得他在哪个班吗? 内容来自

  She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。

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  2.连接词

  1)当由陈述句充任宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在书面语或非正式文体中常省略。如: 内容来自

  He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前实现工作。

 

 

  2)当由普通疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。如:

 

 

  I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years.我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。 CopyRight .com

  但在下列情况下只能用whether: 内容来自

  ①在存在决定意思,又有or或or not时,尤其是直接与or not连用时,往往用whether(if…or not也可以利用)。如:

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  Let me know whether /if he will come or not.(=Let me know whether or not he will come)让我知道他是否能来。

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  I don't know whether /if he does any washing or not.(=I don't know whether or not he does any washing.)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。 内容来自

  I wonder whether we stay or whether wego.我不知道我们是去还是留。 内容来自

  ②在介词之后用whether。如: 内容来自

  I'm interested in whether he likes English.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。 内容来自

  We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.咱们正在考虑是否能按时实现这项工作。 内容来自

  I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我担心是否伤了她的感情。

  ③高中英语辅导注意在不定式前用whether。如:

 

 

  He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未决议是否拜访那位老人。

 

 

  I don't know whether to go.我不知去否。 内容来自

  He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train.他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。

  ④whether置于句首时,不能换用if。如:

  Whether this is true or not,I can't say.这是否真的我说不上来。 内容来自

  ⑤引导主语从句跟表语从句时宜用whether。如:

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  Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能来还是个问题。

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  The question is whether we can catch the bus.问题是我们是否赶上公共汽车。

  ⑥若用if会引起歧义时,则用whether。如:

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  Please let me know if you like the book.可理解为:

  a.Please let me know whether you like the book.请告诉我你是否爱好这本书。

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  b.If you like the book,please let me know.你如果喜好这本书,请告诉我。

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  3)如果宾语从句原来是特别疑问句,只有用本来的特殊疑问词引导。如:

  Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗?

 

 

  3.时态 CopyRight .com

  含宾语从句的复合句,主、从句谓语动词的时态照顾应包括以下三点内容:

  1)如果主句的谓语动词是正常现在时,从句的谓语动词可根据需要,选用相应的任何时态。高中英语辅导如:

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  I don't know when he will come back.我不知道他将何时回来。

 

 

  He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告知我他姐姐昨天回来了。 CopyRight .com

  2)如果主句的谓语动词是过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据须要,选用过去时态即个别过去时、过去进行时、从前未来时或从前完成时的某一种情势。如:

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  ①The children didn't know who he was.孩子们不知道他是谁。

 

 

  ②He asked his father how it happened.他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。

 

 

  3)如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然气象或习惯性动作等,不管主句用什么时态,从句时态都用个别当初时。如:

  The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说地球绕着太阳转。

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  4.留神:

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  if和when既可能引诱宾语从句,也能够领导状语从句,应留心它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when勾引宾语从句时,分别意为“是否”和“何时”,其时态应和主句时态相响应;它们引导状语从句时,意思辨别为“如果,假如”跟“当……时候”,当主句时态是一般将来时时,其时态用畸形当初时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考察。如:

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  —Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ?你知道他明天将来什么时候回来吗? CopyRight .com

  —Sorry,I don't know.When he comes back,I'll tell you.对不起,不知道。当他回来了,我将告诉你,英语培训

 

 

  —I don't know if he will come.我不知道他是否会来。

 

 

  —He will come if it doesn't rain.如果不下雨,他会来的。

  简化宾语从句常用六法的高中英语辅导

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  同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句,使其与原句意思相同(或相近)的试题。下面就介绍多少种常用的简化宾语从句的方法:

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    方法一:当主句谓语动词是hope, decide, wish, choose, agree, promise等,且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时,宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如:

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    Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.

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    We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him.

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    方式二:当主句谓语动词是know, learn, remember, forget, tell等动词,且主句主语与从句主语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”构造。例如:

 

 

    She has forgotten how she can open the window. →She has forgotten how to open the window. 内容来自

    注:当主句谓语动词是tell, ask, show, teach等动词,且后带双宾语,从句主语和间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑难词+不定式”结构。例如:

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    Could you tell me how I can get to the station? →Could you tell me how to get to the station?

    方法三:当主句的谓语动词是order(命令),require(需要)等时,如果主句和从句的主语不一致,宾语从句可简化为“名词(代词)+不定式”结构。例如: 内容来自

    The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. → The headmaster ordered us to start at once. 内容来自

    方法四:某些动词后的宾语从句,可以用介词加动名词(短语)等其余形式简化。例如: 内容来自

    He insisted that he should go with us. →He insisted on going with us. 内容来自

    The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born. →The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth. 内容来自

    办法五:某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式(作宾语补足语)”结构。例如: 内容来自

    Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. → Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.

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    措施六:动词seem后的宾语从句,也可以用不定式(短语)来简化,但句型需要进行适当的变革。例如:

 

 

    It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed to win.

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    除上述方法外,还有一些特殊句式的转化。高中英语辅导例如:

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    I found that it was difficult to learn English well. →I found it difficult to learn English well. 内容来自

  Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. →Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow. CopyRight .com

  They found that the box was very heavy. →They found the box very heavy 

高中英语辅导

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