动词时态的英语语法总结（２）

　　11.10 比拟过去时与现在完成时的英语语法总结

　　　 1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。

　　　 2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与含糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 内容来自

　　一般过去时的时间状语:

　　yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 详细的时间状语

　　奇特的时间状语:　

　　this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately　

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　　当初实现时的时间状语

　　for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,　　　　　　till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 内容来自

　　一直定的时间状语

3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.

　　　 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等英语语法总结。 CopyRight .com

　　　举例： CopyRight .com

　　　 I saw this film yesterday. CopyRight .com

　　　　（强调看的动作发生过了。）

　　　 I have seen this film.

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　　　　（强调对现在的影响，片子的内容已经知道了。）　

　　　 Why did you get up so early?

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　　　　（强调起床的动作已发生过了。） 内容来自

　　　 Who hasn't handed in his paper?　 CopyRight .com

　　　　（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。） 内容来自

　　　 She has returned from Paris.　

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　　　　 她已从巴黎回来了。

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　　　 She returned yesterday. CopyRight .com

　　　　 她是昨天回来了。

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　　　 He has been in the League for three years. 内容来自

　　　　(在团内的状态可延续)

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　　　 He has been a League member for three years.

　　　　(是团员的状态可持续)

　　　 He joined the League three years ago.　

　　　　( 三年前入团，joined为短暂举动。)

　　　 I have finished my homework now.　 内容来自

　　　 ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White? 内容来自

　　　 ---He's already been sent for.　

　　　 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能利用当初实现时，要用从前时。 内容来自

　　　 （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

　　　 （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. CopyRight .com

　　11.11 用于现在完成时的句型  内容来自

　　1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。 CopyRight .com

　　　 It is the first time that I have visited the city.

　　　 It was the third time that the boy had been late. CopyRight .com

　　2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.

　　　 This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 内容来自

　　　　　 这是我看过的最好的电影。 内容来自

　　　 This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing.　这是我第一次听他唱歌。 内容来自

　　典型英语语法总结例题

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　　(1) ---Do you know our town at all?　 内容来自

　　　 ---No, this is the first time I ___ here. CopyRight .com

　　A. was　 B. have been　 C. came　 D. am coming

　　　 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。

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　　(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?

　　　 ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.

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　　A. even, come　 B. even, have come　　C. ever, come　 D. ever, have come 内容来自

　　　 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。

　　　 英语语法总结留心：非连续性动词的否定形式能够与表现连续时间的状语连用。即动作不产生的状况是可能持续的。 CopyRight .com

　　（错）I have received his letter for a month.

　　（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.

　　11.12 比较since跟for

　　  内容来自

　　　　英语语法总结注意Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。 内容来自

　　　　I have lived here for more than twenty years.

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　　　　I have lived here since I was born..

　　　　My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.　

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　　　　Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976. CopyRight .com

　　　　I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.　

　　　　My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.　

　　　　I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.

　　　　注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。

　　　　 I worked here for more than twenty years.

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　　　　　(我现在已不在这里工作。) CopyRight .com

　　　　 I have worked here for many years.　　　

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　　　　　(现在我仍在这里工作。) CopyRight .com

　　　　小窍门：　当现在完成时+一段时间，这一构造中，咱们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能打消非延续动词在完成时中的误使。

　　　　1)　(对) Tom has studied Russian for three years.

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　　　　　 = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now. 内容来自

　　　　2)　(错) Harry has got married for six years. CopyRight .com

　　　　　 = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now. 内容来自

　　　　显然，第二句过错，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago.　或 Harry has been married for six years. CopyRight .com

　　11.13 since的四种用法的英语语法总结CopyRight .com

　　　 1) since +过去一个时间点　(如详细的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。

　　　 I have been here since 1989.

　　　 2) since +一段时间+ ago CopyRight .com

　　　 I have been here since five months ago.

　　　 3) since +从句　

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　　　 Great changes have taken place since you left. CopyRight .com

　　　 Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here. CopyRight .com

　　　 4) It is +一段时光+ since从句

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　　　 It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. CopyRight .com

　　11.14 延续动词与瞬间动词

　　1) 用于完成时的差异

　　　　延续动词表示教训、经历； 瞬间动词表示行动的结 果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。

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　　　　 He has completed the work.　　他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果)

　　　　 I've known him since then.　　 我从那时起就意识他了。(表阅历)

　　2)　用于till / until从句的差别

　　　　 延续动词用于断定句，表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否认句，表示"到……，才……"

　　　　 He didn't come back until ten o'clock.

　　　　　　他到10 点才回来。

　　　　 He slept until ten o'clock.　　　　　

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　　　　　　他始终睡到10点。

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　　典型英语语法总结例题

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　　1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.　 CopyRight .com

　　A. had met　B. have met　 C. met　D. meet 内容来自

　　　 答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我晓得她的模样，你不必描写。再次，several times告知为重复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。

　　2.---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.

　　　---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes. 内容来自

　　A. have been　 B. had been　 C. was　D. will be

　　　 谜底A. 等待的动作由过去开始，连续到现在，应用现在完成时。 CopyRight .com