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学外语连词的用法

线话英语|2015-05-11 16:40:13

  20.学外语 连词的用法

    连词是一种虚词, 它不能独破担当句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类:并列连词跟从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如:and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, hence, as well as, both…and, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, (and)then等等。  CopyRight .com

  20.1 并列连词与并列构造

   并列连词引导两个并列的句子。

  1) 学外语and 与or 内容来自

   断定改错:

内容来自

 

   (错) They sat down and talk about something.

内容来自

 

   (错) They started to dance and sang. CopyRight .com

   (错) I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there. CopyRight .com

   (对) They sat down and talked about something.

CopyRight .com

 

   (对) They started to dance and sing.

内容来自

 

   (对)I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.

 

 

  学外语解析:

CopyRight .com

 

    第一句: and 连接两个并列的谓语,所以 talk 应改为 talked。 内容来自

    第二句:and 衔接两个并列的动词不定式,第二个不定式往往省略to,因而sang 应改为 sing。 CopyRight .com

    第三句:and 连接感观动词saw 后面的用作的宾补的两个并列分词结构,因此whisper应改为whispering。

  注意:and 还能够和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。(or也有此用法) 内容来自

     Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance. 内容来自

    = If you make up your mind, you'll get the chance.

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     One more effort, and you'll succeed.

 

 

    = If you make one more effort, you'll succeed.

 

 

  2) both …and 两者都

 

 

   She plays (both) the piano and the guitar.

  3) not only…but (also), as well as岂但…而且)

     She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar.

    学外语留心: not only… but also 关联两个分句时,一个分句因有否定词not 而必须倒装。

内容来自

 

     Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some. CopyRight .com

   4) neithe…nor 意思为"既不……也不……"谓语动词采取就近原则,与nor后的词保持一致。 内容来自

     Neither you nor he is to blame.

 

 

  20.2 比拟and和or

内容来自

 

   1) 并列结构中,or通常用于否认句,and用于断定句。

   2) 但有时and 也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点: 内容来自

     There is no air or water in the moon.

     There is no air and no water on the moon. 内容来自

   在否定中并列结构用or 连接,但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是确定结构,因此要用and。

 

 

  学外语连词典型例题 内容来自

   ---I don't like chicken ___ fish. 

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   ---I don't like chicken, ___ I like fish very much. CopyRight .com

   A. and; and  B. and; but C. or; but D. or;and 内容来自

   谜底C。否定句中表并列用or, but 表转折。

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  判断改错:

 

 

    (错) We will die without air and water.

 

 

    (错) We can't live without air or water.

CopyRight .com

 

    (对) We will die without air or water. 内容来自

    (对) We can't live without air and water. CopyRight .com

   

内容来自www. ,英语书面语.com

 

  20.3 学外语连词表示决定的并列结构

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   1) or 意思为"否则"。

内容来自

 

     I must work hard, or I'll fail in the exam. CopyRight .com

   2) either…or 意思为"或者……或者……"。留神谓语动词采用就近准则。 CopyRight .com

     Either you or I am right.

 

 

    内容来自

  20.4 表现转折或对比

内容来自

 

   1) but表示转折,while表示比较。

内容来自

 

     Some people love cats, while others hate them. 内容来自

  学外语连词典范例题  CopyRight .com

  --- Would you like to come to dinner tonight?   CopyRight .com

  --- I'd like to, ___ I'm too busy.

 

 

   A. and  B. so  C. as  D. but  

内容来自

 

   答案D。but与前面造成转折,合乎语意。而表并列的and, 结果的so,起因的as都不符合句意。

 

 

   2) not…but… 意思为"不是……而是……"

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     not 跟but 后面的用词要遵照一致准则。

     They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being. CopyRight .com

  20.5 表起因关系

内容来自

 

  1) for

内容来自

 

  断定改错:

    (错) For he is ill, he is absent today.

    (对) He is absent today, for he is ill.

    for是并列连词,不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首,只能将其放在两个分句旁边。

 

 

  2) so, therefore

内容来自

 

    He hurt his leg, so he couldn't play in the game. CopyRight .com

  学外语注意:

CopyRight .com

 

    a. 两个并列连词不能连用,但therefore, then, yet.可能和并列连词连用。 CopyRight .com

     You can watch TV, and or you can go to bed. CopyRight .com

     He hurt his leg, and so / and therefore he couldn't play in the game.

 

 

    b. although… yet…,但although不与 but连用。

内容来自

 

     (错) Although he was weak, but he tried his best to do the work.. CopyRight .com

     (对) Although he was weak, yet he tried his best to do the work. CopyRight .com

  20.6 学外语比较so和 such 内容来自

    其法令由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so是副词,只能润饰形容词或副

 

 

  词。so 还可与表示数目标形容词many,few,much, little连用,形成固定搭配。

  so + adj.         such + a(n) + n.

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  so + adj. + a(n) + n.   such + n. (pl.)

内容来自

 

  so + adj. + n. (pl.)    such +n. (pl.)  CopyRight .com

  so + adj. + n. [不可数]  such +n. [不可数] 内容来自

  so foolish         such a fool  CopyRight .com

  so nice a flower      such a nice flower

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  so many/ few flowers    such nice flowers CopyRight .com

  so much/little money.   such rapid progress 

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  so many people       such a lot of people

    so many 已成固定搭配,a lot of 虽相当于 many,但 a lot of 为名词性的,只能用such搭配。 CopyRight .com

    so…that与such…that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。

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