学习空间

四级语法大全整本收录(十六)虚拟语气

线话英语|2015-05-11 16:40:24

四级语法虚构语气

1）概念

内容来自

　　　　四级语法虚拟语气用来表示谈话人的主观愿望或设想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。

2）在条件句中的利用

　　　　条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。四级语法非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 CopyRight .com

　　16.1 真实条件句 CopyRight .com

　　　　实在条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能产生，其中 if 是如果的意思。 CopyRight .com

　　　　时态关系

　　句型：条件从句　　　主句

　　　　个别现在时　　 shall/will + 动词本相

　　　If he comes, he will bring his violin.

四级语法典范例题 CopyRight .com

　　　The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.　

内容来自

　　A.　will rain　 B. rains　 C. rained　 D. is rained 内容来自

　　　答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用普通现在时。

　　留神：

　　1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will. 内容来自

　　　(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. CopyRight .com

　　　(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.

　　　2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用个别现在时的动词形式。

　　16.2 非真实条件句 CopyRight .com

　　1）时态：能够表示过去，现在跟将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。

　　a.　同现在事实相反的假设。 CopyRight .com

　　句型：条件从句　　　　　主句 CopyRight .com

　　　　　　一般过去时　　　should( would) +动词原形

内容来自

　　　 If they were here, they would help you. 内容来自

　　b.　表示于过去事实相反的假设。内容来自

　　句型：条件从句　　　　　主句　　　　　

　　　　　过去实现时　　　 should(would) have+ 过去分词内容来自

　　　 If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.　　

内容来自

　　　 The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.　

　　　 If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.

　　　 If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it. 内容来自

　　　含意：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.

　　　 If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress. CopyRight .com

　　　含意： He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.　 CopyRight .com

c.　四级语法表示对将来的假想

　　　句型：　条件从句　　　　　　主句

　　　　　　正常过去时　　　　　 should+ 动词原形

　　　　　　 were+ 不定式　　　　 would + 动词原形内容来自

　　　　　　 should+ 动词原形

　　　If you succeeded, everything would be all right. CopyRight .com

　　　If you should succeed, everything would be all right.

　　　If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.

内容来自

　　16.3 混淆条件句 CopyRight .com

　　　主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时光，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混杂条件句。

　　　　If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.

　　　（从句与过去事实相反，主句与当初事实相反。）

　　　　If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).

16.4 虚拟前提句的倒装

　　　　虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，四级语法实行倒装。

内容来自

　　　 Were they here now, they could help us.

　　　=If they were here now, they could help us. 内容来自

　　　 Had you come earlier, you would have met him CopyRight .com

　　　=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.　

　　　 Should it rain, the crops would be saved. 内容来自

　　　=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.

四级语法学习注意：

内容来自www,英语书面语. .com

　　　在虚构语气的从句中，动词'be'的从前时态一律用"were"，不必was，即在从句中be用were代替。 CopyRight .com

　　　 If I were you, I would go to look for him. 内容来自

　　　　如果我是你，就会去找他。 CopyRight .com

　　　 If he were here, everything would be all right.

　　　　如果他在这儿，所有都会好的。

　　典型例题内容来自

　　　_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.

　　A. If were I　　 B. I were　C. Were I　D. Was I

　　　答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如咱们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do. CopyRight .com

　　16.5 特殊的虚拟语气词：should

　　1） It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形， should 可省略。

　　句型： CopyRight .com

　　　　　　(1)suggested

内容来自

　　It is　 (2)important　　　　that…+ (should) do

　　　　　　(3) a pity CopyRight .com

　　(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required,　 demanded, requested, insisted； + (should) do 内容来自

　　(2)important, necessary, natural, strange

　　a pity,　 a shame,　 no wonder

　　(3)It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

内容来自

　　　 It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow. CopyRight .com

2）四级语法虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用

　　　　在表示命令、提议、恳求等一类动词后面的从句中。

　　order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do

　　　 I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

内容来自

　　　 He insisted that he (should ) be sent there. 内容来自

四级语法留心：如suggest, insist不表示"倡导" 或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"保持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。

内容来自

　　　 The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.　

内容来自

　　3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用

　　　　在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。

　　　　 My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.

　　　　 I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

内容来自

　线话英语;www.linewow.com

四级语法

由英语口语教材提供线话英语：www.linewow.com

学习空间

四级语法大全整本收录(十六)虚拟语气

每日新闻

每日一歌

友情链接