高效学习英语冠 词的用法

　　（一）明确考纲要求是高效学习英语的目标

　　 考纲规定，冠词考核根本用法，包括定冠词与不定冠词，不定冠词a与an的差异；不用冠词的情况；习语中的冠词；特指与泛指等。

　　（二）命题导向

　　冠词规则的灵活利用是高考命题的一个热点，几乎每年高考题的单项决定或完形填空都有波及冠词的题目，不定冠词跟定冠词的一些特殊用法，习惯用法及不用冠词的情况是高考重点考察的常识点。

　　（三）基本用法

　　 当代语法把冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词跟零冠词（即不用冠词）三种。冠词是一种虚词，起限定作用，是最主要最典型的限定词，放在名词（或名词化的形容词分词）前面，说明其所指的人或物。

　　 1、高效学习英语注意定冠词的基础用法：

　　 ① 表示上文提到过的人或事物。如：I have bought a book. The book is very useful.

　　② 用于谈话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如：Close the window, please.

　　③ 用于表示世界上举世无双的事物前。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。

　　④ 用于表示方位的名词之前。如：the east, the right.

　　⑤ 用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如：the first, the tallest.

 

 

　　⑥ 用于形容词之前，使其名词化。如：the sick, the wounded.

　　⑦ 用于由一般名词构成的专著名词之前。如：the United States, the United Nation.

 

 

　　⑧ 用于江河、大陆、海峡、山脉、群岛、建造物等的名词之前。如：the Changjiang River, the East Lake.

　　⑨ 用于复数姓氏之前，表示"夫妇"或"全家"。如：The Smiths

 

 

　　⑩ 用于乐器的名词前。如：play the piano; play the violin.

 

 

　　⑾　发明物。如：The compass was invented in China.

 

　　⑿　年代名词前。如：He lived in the countryside in the 1970s.

　　　　⒀　固定词组中。如：in the morning(afternoon, evening), on the other hand , at the same time

　　2、不定冠词的基本用法：

　　① 泛指一个。如：There is a book on the table.

 

 

　　② 指人或事物的某一种类。如：His father is a driver.  Longjing is a wonderful tea.

　　③ 指某一个人或事物，但不具体说明。如：My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire.

 

 

　　④ 用于某一些表示分量、长度、时间等单位前，表示"每一"。如：We have meals three times a day.（咱们一天吃三餐。）

 

 

　　⑤ 表现同样的。如：They are of an age.（他们是同岁。）

　　⑥ 表数量，相当于one,但语意较弱。如：There is a pen and two books on the desk.

 

　　　　⑦ 使形象名词详细化。如：The little girl is a help to her mother. （a hand译"帮手"）

 

　　　　⑧ 固定搭配。如：as a matter of fact , in a hurry, in a word

 

　　3、不用冠词的情形：

 

　　① 表示总称的复数名词之前。如：Children love cartoons.（儿童喜好卡通影片。）

　　② 不含个别名词的专有名词前。如：We are studying English.

 

 

　　③ 名词前有教唆代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。如：I like this picture; I do not have any money; As time went on, Einstein's theory proved to be correct.

 

 

　　④ 节令、月份、星期等名词前，个别不用冠词。如：She likes spring most.

 

　　⑤ 呼语前不用冠词。如：What shall I do next, Mother?

　　⑥ 三餐饭前不必冠词。如：What did you have for lunch?

　　⑦ 节假日前不用冠词。如：People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.

 

 

　　⑧ 球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。如：She is fond of playing basketball.

 

 

　　⑨ 在一些成对浮现的短语中不用冠词。高效学习英语如：arm in arm（手挽手）; hand in hand（手牵手）; side by side（肩对肩）; day and day（日日夜夜）; young and old（老老少少）; from door to door（挨门挨户）; from beginning to end（从头到尾）; from morning till night（从早到晚）等。

 

　　训练（一）、冠  词

　　1. In America, ____ car is ____ popular means of transportation（交通设施）.

　　 A. the, the  B. a, the   C. the, /   D. the, a

　　2. ---- What happened?  ---- They left in such ____ hurry that they forgot to lock ____ door.

　　 A. a, a   B. a, the   C. /, the   D. /, a

　　3. There were two small rooms in the house, ____ smaller of which served as ____ kitchen.

　　 A. a, the   B. the, a   C. the, the  D. a, a

　　4. I ordered ____ book some time ago. ____ book has arrived.

 

　　 A. a, The   B. the, A   C. a, A   D. /, The

 

　　5. Mr Smith is ____ European and his wife is ____ American.

 

 

　　 A. an, an   B. a, a   C. a, an   D. an, a

 

　　6. Lesson 10 is ____ most difficult lesson, but it isn't ____ most difficult lesson in Book One.

 

 

　　 A. a, a   B. a, the   C. the, the  D. the, a

　　7. My sister works in a factory. She goes home once ____ month.  A. a B. an C. the D. every

　　8. He was absent because he had caught ____.

 

 

　　 A. heavy a cold B. the heavy cold C. a heavy cold  D. heavy cold

　　9. ____ water is ____ liquid.  A. The, a  B. A, a  C. /, /  D. /, a

 

　　10. In winter ____ people often hang up wet clothes near ____ fire.

　　 A. /, /   B. a, a   C. /, a   D. the, a

 

　　11. He has tried twice, and the captain asks him to have ____ third try.

 

 

　　 A. a    B. the   C. another  D. other

　　12. He was a top student in the class, he often got ____ in English.

 

　　 A. first   B. a first   C. second   D. the second

 

　　13. ____ horse is ____ useful animal.  A. The, the B. The, a  C. The, an D. /, a

　　14. Tom left Shanghai in ____.

　　 A. the summer 1995 B. summer 1995 C. 1995 the summer D. the summer of 1995

　　15. ____ children here live ____ most happy life.  A. The, the B. The, a  C. The, / D. /, the

　　16. The soldier died during ____ World War I.  A. the B. the first C. /  D. a

 

 

　　17. In ____ Marx began to learn Russian.

　　 A. a 1870   B. 1870s   C. the year of 1870  D. the 1870s

 

　　18. Alice is ____ of the two girls.  A. taller  B. the tall  C. more tall D. the taller

　　19. ---- Can your sister play ____?  ---- No, but she can play ____.

 

 

　　 A. the tennis, the piano B. tennis, piano C. the tennis, piano  D. tennis, the piano

　　20. The introduction is always in ____ of a book.  

 

 

　　A. front   B. the front  C. a front     D. instead

　　21. She touched her daughter gently ____ shoulder.

 

 

　　 A. in her   B. on her   C. in the   D. on the

 

 

　　22. Both ____ wounded and ____ sick were sent to safety.

　　 A. /, /   B. the, the  C. /, the   D. the, /

 

 

　　23. ____ doctors and ____ nurses should care for their patients.

 

　　 A. The, the  B. /, /   C. The, /   D. /, the

　　24. Tell us the story as ____ Mother told you.   A. a  B. the C. an D. /

　　25. Do you know how long ____ has lived on the earth? 

　　A. man   B. the man  C. a man   D. men

 

 

　　26. The man was once thrown into ____ prison for robbing the bank.   A. a  B. an   C. the   D./

　　27. ____ Mount Tai is in the east of China.  A. A  B. The C. /  D. That

　　28. I like ____ history. I am studying ____ history of China.

 

 

　　 A. the, /   B. /, the   C. a, /   D. /, a

　　29. He wrote a letter ____ pencil.  A. with  Bｉn   C. in a  D. use a

　　30. On October 1, the Chinese people celebrated ____ with new achievements and victories.

 

 

　　 A. National Day B. the National Day  C. our National Day D. a National Day

　　

　　训练（二）、冠  词

 

 

　　1. ---You mean you know the man?  　---I know________ man exactly like him.

　　　　 A. other 　  B. the 　   C. / 　   D. a

　　2. Wouldn't it be_________ wonderful world if all nations live in ________peace with one another?

 

 

　　　　 A. a, / 　  B. the, / 　  C. a, the　  D. the, the

　　3. ---I hear that as many as 1,500 people were killed in the earthquake.

　　　---Yes, ________ news came as ________ shock to us.

　　　　 A. a, a 　  B. the, a 　  C. /, / 　   D. /, a

　　4. At midnight they reached ________ small village ________ east of ______ Everwhite Mountain.

 

　　　　 A. a,/, the 　  B. a,/, / 　  C. the, the, the　 D. the, an, an

 

　　5. Nanjing lies on ________ Changjiang River and has ________ population of more than four million.

　　　　 A. the, the 　 B. the, / 　  C. the, a　  D. /, a

　　6. Bill Clinton took ________ office on January 20th, 1993 and left ________ office on January 20th, 2001.

 

　　　　 A. /, / 　  B. his, his 　  C. the, the　  D. an, his

 

　　7. We learn to go all out to work for ____ good of ____ society.

 

　　　　 A. the, / 　  B. /, / 　   C. /, a 　   D. the, the

 

　　8. Paris is ____ most beautiful city, where you can see ____ famous Eiffel Tower.

　　　　 A. a, the 　  B. a, / 　   C. the, a　  D. the, the

　　9. ---What about ____ bike? ---Do you think it all right to buy him ____ bike as ____ birthday present?

　　　　 A. the, the, the 　B. a, the, a 　  C. the, a, the　 D. the, the, a

 

 

　　10. He had decided to give it up, but on ____ second thoughts he decided to try ____ third time.

　　　　 A. the, a 　  B. /, / 　   C. a, a　   D. /, a

 

　　11. Towards ____ morning, ____ heavy rain began to fall.

 

　　　　 A. the, a 　  B. a, a 　  C. the, / 　  D. the, /

　　12. ---Excuse me, where are ____ books for biology?

 

　　 　---Follow me. They' re on this shelf. Do you want ____ new or used book?

 

　　　　 A. a, a 　  B. a, the 　  C. the, a 　  D. the, the

　　13. Young as he is, David has gained ____ rich experience in ____ society.

 

　　　　 A. /, / 　  B. the, the 　  C. a, / 　   D./, the

　　14. ---My son is lost. Did you see a boy passing by?

　　 　---I saw ____ boy hidden behind ____ tree over there. You may go and have a look.

 

 

　　　　 A. a, a 　  B. the, the 　  C. a, the　  D. the, a

 

 

　　15. Mary climbed to the top of the mountain in ____ hurry, looked down and found in ____ surprise that ____ whole town took on a new look.

 

 

　　　　 A. a, the, the 　 B. a,/,the 　  C. /,/,the 　  D. /,/,a

　　16. In ____ old society many young women died by so curious and cruel ____ custom.

 

　　　　 A. an, a 　  B. /, the 　  C. the, a 　  D. the, /

 

　　17. ---You' re sure to help me find ____ bed for my new house?

　　 　---Sure, but not now. I'm heading for ____ bed and a good sleep.

 

　　　　 A. a, a 　  B. the, a 　  C. a, / 　   D. the, /

 

　　18. The wheel is thought to be _____ first invention of _____ transportation.

　　　　 A. the, the 　 B. a, a 　  C. a, / 　   D. the, /

　　19. Some people say that ____ British are _____ funny people.

　　　　 A. the, a 　  B. /, the 　  C. /, / 　   D. the, /

　　20. Don' t worry about _____ mistakes. They' re _____ natural part of learning.

 

　　　　 A. /, a 　  B. the, / 　  C. /, the 　  D. the, the

　　21. ---Selma looks especially pretty tonight. 　 ---Yes, she always looks her best in _____ of that kind.

　　　　 A. the dress 　 B. a dress 　  C. dress 　  D. the dresses

　　22. --- _____did you think of the exhibition?   　---Oh, it was ____ success.

　　　　 A. How, really a  B. What, great 　 C. How, / 　  D. What, quite a

 

　　23. The child had only _____ slight temperature, but the doctor regarded _____ illness as serious enough for ____ hospital treatment.

 

 

　　　　 A. /,/,the 　  B. a,/,/ 　  C. a, the,/　  D. /,the, the

 

 

　　24. ---Did you have ____ wonderful time yesterday? 　　 ---Yes. I was on _____ top of _____ world.

 

 

　　　　 A. /, the, a 　 B. a, /, the 　  C. a, a, the 　  D. a, the, the

　　25. I don' t usually have _____ breakfast, but I always eat _____ good lunch.

　　　　 A. /, / 　  B. /, a 　   C. the, / 　  D. /, the

 

 

　　26. ---I hear there'll be ____ talk on English study tomorrow morning.

 

 

　　 　---Do you mean ____ speech our teacher asked us to listen to?

 

　　　　 A. a, the 　  B. the, a 　  C. the, the 　  D. a, a

 

　　27. Mr. Stock runs _____ small business, who is in ____ Mexico on business.

 

 

　　　　 A. a, a 　  B. /, / 　   C. a, the 　  D. a, /

　　28. Although _____ motor car has been with us for almost a century, I have never been able to drive_____ American one.

 

 

　　　　 A. a, the 　  B. a, / 　   C. the, an　  D. the, the

　　29. Xi'an was _____ starting point of _____ world-famous Silk Road.

 

 

　　　　 A. /, / 　  B. a, a 　  C. the, /　  D. the, the

 

　　30. ---What does "on _____one hand…on _____other" means?

　　 　---What_____great fun! You're asking me such a simple question.

　　　　 A. the, the, / 　 B. the, the, a 　 C. /, the, a　  D. /, the, /

　　31. Alexander Gramha Bell invented ____telephone in 1876. (MET1991)

　　　　 A./;　   B. a　   C. the　   D. one

　　32.After watching ____TV, she played ____violin for an hour.

 

　　　　 A./;/　   B. the ; the　  C. the; /　  D./;the （ MET1991 11）

 

 

　　33. ---Where's jack ?  ---I think he's still _____in bed, but he might just be in ____bathroom.

 

　　　   A./; /　   B. the; the　  C. the; /　  D./; the （ MET1992 36）

　　34.Many people are still in ___habit of writing silly things in ___public places.

 

 

　　　   A. the ; the　  B./; /　   C. the; /　  D./; the （MET 1993 19）

 

　　35.She is ___newcomer to ___chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.

 

　　　　 A. the; the　  B. the ; /　  C. a; /　   D. a ; the （NMET1994 20）

 

　　36.Wouldn't it be ___wonderful world if all nations lived in ___peace with one another?

　　　　 A. a; /　B. the; /　C. a; the　D. the; the （NMET1994 23）

 

　　37.Many people agree that ___knowledge of English is a must in __international trade today.

 

　　　　 A. a; /　   B. the; an　  C. the; the　  D./;the （NMET 1996 13）

 

　　38. Paper money was in ___use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ___thirteenth century.

　　　　 A. the ; /　  B. the; the　  C./; the　   D./; /（NMET 1999 8）

　　39.It is not true in ___that people in ___fifties are going to university for further education .

 

　　A.90s; their　  B. the 90s; /　  C.90s; /   D. the 90s; their（1999.上海 6）

　　40.Most animals have little connection with ____animals of ___different kind unless they kill them for food.

　　　　 A. the; a　  B./; a　   C. the ; the　  D./; the (NMET2000 10)

 

　　41.---Have you seen ___pen ? I left it here this morning.

　　　 ---Is it ___black one ?I think I saw it somewhere.(NMET1997 7)

 

 

　　　　 A. a; the　  B. the; the　  C. the ; a　  D. a; a

　　42.Summers in ___ south of France are for ___most part dry and sunny.

　　　　 A./; a　   B. the; /　  C./; /　   D. the ; the (2000.春招 8)

 

 

　　43.I don't like talking on ____ telephone; I prefer writing _____letters.(2002春招 26)

　　　　 A. a; the　  B. the ;不填　  C. the; the　  D. was killing

　　44.Jumping out of ___airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ____exciting experience.(NMET 2002,26)

 

　　　　 A./;the　  B./;an　   C. an; an　  D. the; the

　　45. ---I don't like_____New York at all.  　---But this isn't_____ New York you remember.

　　　　 A. the, the 　 B. /, the 　  C. the, / 　  D. /, a

　　冠  词的高效学习英语答案

　　练习一、1~5 DBBAC  6~10 BACDC  11~15 ABBDB  16~20 CDDDB  21~25 DBBDA 

　　26~30 DCBBA

　　训练二、1~5 DABAC  6~10 AAADD  11~15 ACACB  16~20 CCDAA  21~25 BDCBB 

　　26~30 ADCDD  31~35 CDDCC  36~40 AACDB  41~45 DDBCB