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线话语法讲堂：过去分词

线话英语|2015-05-11 16:44:18

　　过去分词：

　　1、过去分词的基本用法：过去分词只有一种情势，也不自动语态，它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已实现的动作。过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语普通为该分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：内容来自

　　（1）作定语：过去分词作定语时，假如这个分词是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是分词短语，就位于其润饰的名词之后。被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语，如：The stolen car was found by the police last week.

　　（2）作表语：过去分词作表语时，表示其逻辑主语所处的状态，其逻辑主语就是句中的主语，如：The glass is broken.这个玻璃杯是破的。注：过去分词作表语时，和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表白的意义不同，如：The glass was broken by my little brother.这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟攻破的。作表语用的过去分词在良多词典中已列为形容词，如：crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known,learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed, worried, astonished, broken, completed, covered等。

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　　（3）作宾语补足语：过去分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语，如：When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 注：动词have后的复合宾语中，宾语补足语如为过去分词，常表示该分词所表示的动作是由别人来实行的而不是句中主语本人来履行的，如：I had my bike repaired yesterday. 昨天我（找别人）把我的自行车给修了。

　　（4）作状语：过去分词作状语时，相当于一个状语从句，该结构的逻辑主语个别都是主句的主语，是过去分词所表示意思的逻辑宾语。为了使作状语的过去分词意思更加清楚，常在分词前加when, if, while, though, as等连词，如：Seen from the hill/ When seen from the hill, our town looks beautiful.; Given more time/ If given more time, we could have done it better.（we是该构造的逻辑主语，是give的逻辑宾语。） CopyRight .com

　　独立主格：上述-ing和过去分词的用法中，-ing跟过去分词在句中均有逻辑主语，但有时它们也能有自己的独立的主语，这种独立的主语，一般为名词或代词，位于其前之前，和-ing或从前分词构成独立主格。独立主格在句中个别只作状语用，而-ing和过去分词作用的形式，则要依据它们所表示的动作和句中谓语动词所表示的时间关系而定。至于独破主格中是利用-ing或是过去分词，则要根据它们的主语跟其所表示的动作的自动被动关系而定，如：The bell ringing, we all stopped talking. 注：The work having been finished, she sat down to have a rest. ①独立结构中的being或having been常可省去，如：The meeting (being) over, all left the room. ②作伴随状语的独破结构常可用with短语来代替，如：She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks./ She read the letter with tears rolling down her cheeks.

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　　 2、-ing形式与过去分词的差异： CopyRight .com

　　（1）语态不同：-ing形式表示主动概念，及物动词的过去分词表示被动概念。an inspiring speech鼓励人心的演说；the inspired audience受激励的听众。内容来自

　　（2）时光关联不同：当初分词所表现的动作畸形是正在进行中的动作，而从前分词所表示的动作，往往是已经实现的动作，如：The changing world正在发生的世界；the changed world已经起了变革的世界。内容来自

　　练习、非谓语动词（三）

　　1. There is no question of _____ able to finish it himself.

　　 A. Tom was B. Tom's being C. Tom's be D. Tom is

　　2. The new shopping center _____ now will be put into use by the end of this year.

　　 A. built B. be built C. being built D. to be built CopyRight .com

　　3. "Have you had supper?" "Not yet. The meal_____."

　　 A. are being cooked B. is being cooked C. is cooked D. are cooked 内容来自

　　4. "I'm glad ______ you here in the hotel." "It's my great pleasure to have you ______ us."

　　 A. meeting, to B. to have met, with C. having met, among D. to meet, of 内容来自

　　5. I'm afraid I can't make myself _____ in English.

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　　 A. understanding B. understand C. to be understood D. understood 内容来自

　　6. Although in a hurry, Wilson ______. 内容来自

　　 A. couldn't stop walking B. couldn't help the stranger

　　 C. stopped to help the stranger D. didn't answer the stranger 内容来自

　　7. Janet is easy _____.

　　 A. for getting along with B. by getting along with

　　 C. to get along with D. got along with CopyRight .com

　　8. Don't forget ______ the light when you leave.

　　 A. turn off B. to turn off C. turning off D. turned off

　　9. The mother is very glad; her baby is beginning ______.

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　　 A. understanding what she means B. to understand that she meant 内容来自

　　 C. to understand what she means D. noticing what she means , 内容来自

　　10. I think this story is _____ .

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　　 A. worth being read B. worth reading C. worth to read D. worth of reading

　　11. This scientist is a man ______ praise.

　　 A. worth to B. worthy to be C. worthy of D. worth

　　12. I don't want ______ any more trouble, you see?

　　 A. there being B. it to be C. it being D. there to be

　　13. When she returned home, she found the window open and something ______.

　　 A. stealing B. missed C. stolen D. to steal

　　14. Strictly _____, it isn't worth the price you are asking.

　　 A. to speak B. speaking C. speak D. spoken

　　15. Time ______, they'll come here to watch us ______ football. 内容来自

　　 A. permitted, playing B. permitted, to play C. permitting, play D. permitting, to play CopyRight .com

　　16. The man was seen _____ into the courtyard. 内容来自

　　 A, stealing B. stolen C. be stealing D. had stolen 内容来自

　　17. Bob should love _____ to the party tomorrow evening.

　　 A. taking B. to be taken C. to take D. being taken 内容来自

　　18. Tom had no choice but _____ the classroom with his classmates. 内容来自

　　 A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleans

　　19. Mr. Brown said that his car needed 内容来自

　　 A. to be repaired B. being repaired C. be repairing D. to repair 内容来自

　　20. The old man didn't know whether to sell the car or____ .

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　　 A. being kept for later use B. kept for later use 内容来自

　　 C. to keep it for later use D. to be kept it for later use

　　21. The noise of the desks _____ could be heard in the next classroom.

　　 A. being opened and closed B. opened and closed

　　 C. having been opened and closed D. to be opened and closed

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　　22. I remember _____ someone ____ the umbrella away.

　　A. to see, take B. having seen, to take CopyRight .com

　　C. to see, to take D. having seen, take

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　　23. She was noticed ______ the shop. CopyRight .com

　　 A. to enter B. enter C. having entered D. entered

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　　24. I couldn't help _____ when I heard the joke.

　　 A. being laughed B. laughing C. to be laughing D. to laugh 内容来自

　　25._____, she burst into tears.

　　 A. Deeply moved B. Deeply moving CopyRight .com

　　 C. As she deeply moved D. As she was deeply moving 内容来自

　　26. The problem requires ______.

　　 A. studying with great care B. to study carefully

　　 C. to be studied without carelessness D. taking great care of studying it CopyRight .com

　　27. _____ carelessly, the boy made mistakes here and there. .

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　　 A. being written B. Wrote C. Write D. Writing

　　28. He would rather ______ his parents with their housework than _____ out to play games.

　　 A. to help, to go B. help, go C. help, to go D. to help, go

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　　29. The boy had his leg _____ while ____ football. 内容来自

　　 A. broken, playing B. break, play C. broken, played D. broke, was playing

　　30. Having finished the work,_____. A. it was almost six o'clock

　　 B. a postman came and delivered the evening paper and some letters

　　 C. supper had been already prepared D. we had a rest and then had supper

　　31. He is ill. He has kept_____. 内容来自

　　 A. coughing all along B. to cough at night

　　 C. cough since yesterday D. being coughed day and night

　　32. It is no use ____ without _____. CopyRight .com

　　 A. to talk, doing B. taking, being done

　　 C. talking, doing D. being talked, being to do

　　33. "I usually go there by boat." "Why not _____ by train for a change?"

　　 A. try going B. to try going C. trying to go D. to try and go

　　34._____, she felt quite shy at the party.

　　 A. As she a stranger B. Being a stranger

　　 C. According to a stranger D. She like a stranger

　　35. Every morning he gets up early and practises ______ and then _____ to school.

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　　 A. to read English, go B. reading English, going 内容来自

　　 C. reading English, goes D. of reading English, goes

　　36. While _____ football on tin playground, I found 'my keys ______. 内容来自

　　 A. playing, lost , B. play, losing C. played, being lost D. having played, lost

　　37. ____ the same mistakes again made his parents very angry.

　　 A. His having made B. He has made C. He had making D. Him making

　　38. Dick made it ______ to all his friends. 内容来自

　　 A. to know B. known C. know D. knowing

　　39. Anna spends one hour a day _____ spoken English.

　　 A. practise B. to practise C. on practising D. in practising

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　　40. No one was surprised at _____ the examination. 内容来自

　　A. he passing B. his pass C. him pass D. his passing

　　41. Although swimming is his favourite sport, yet he doesn't like _____ today. CopyRight .com

　　 A. to swim B. swimming C. swim D. to have swim

　　42. She sat at the desk and set about _____ a letter to her friend. CopyRight .com

　　 A. to write B. writing C. write D. written

　　43. This soup is cold; it needs _____. CopyRight .com

　　 A. to heat B. to be heated C. being hot D. heated

　　44. I went ______a balloon but I didn't see anyone _____ balloons.

　　 A. to buy, to sell B. to buy, selling C. buying, selling D. buying, to sell

　　45. Anna is often heard ______songs in her room.

　　 A. sung B. singing C. sing D. to sing

　　46. The more you practise ______ English, the better your _____ English will be. CopyRight .com

　　 A. to speak, speaking B. speaking, spoken C. spoken, spoken D. spoken, speaking

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　　语法复习十四：非谓语动词（三）--过去分词内容来自

　　1~5 BCBBD 6~10 CCBCB 11~15 CDCBC 16~20 ABAAC 21~25 ADABA

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　　26~30 ADBAD 31~35 ACABC 36~40 AABDD 41~46 ABBBDB 内容来

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