线话语法讲堂：直接引语与间接引语

一、概说

引用别人的话有两种方式，一种是直接述别人的原话，并把它放在引号内，这叫直接引语；另一种是用自己的话来转述别人的话，并且不能用引号，这就是间接引语。间接引语在很多情况下构成宾语从句。如：

“I want to buy a house in the country.” Jack said. 杰克说：“我想在乡下买座屋子。”(直接引语) CopyRight .com

Jack said that he wanted to buy a house in the country. 杰克他说他想在乡下买座房子。(间接引语)

“Did you buy any books for me?” he asked his mother. 他问他母亲：“给我买书不?”

He asked his mother if he had bought any books for him. 他问他母亲给他买书不。

“Don’t sleep in class again.” the teacher told Jim. 老师对吉姆说：“上课不要再睡觉了。”

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The teacher told Jim not to sleep in class again. 老师叫吉姆上课不要再睡觉了。

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二、直接引语变间接引语的时态的变化

直接引语变为间接引语时，若主句为过去时态，变为间接引语的宾语从句通常要将时态往后推一个，即：普通当初时变为一般过去时，畸形未来时变为过去将来时，当初进行时变为过去进行时，现在完成时变为过去实现时，个别过去时也变为过去完成时，等等(若直接引语为从前实现时，变为间接引语能够不变)。另外，若直接引语中有情态动词can, may等，也应变成过去式could, might等(情态动词must可能变为had to，也可不变，should, ought to, had better 等可以不变)： CopyRight .com

“I want to stay here.” he said. 他说：“我想留在这儿。”

内容来自

→He said that he wanted to stay there他说他想留在那儿。

She said, “It’s raining very hard.” 他说：“雨下得很大。”

→He said that it was raining very hard. 他说雨下得很大。

Jim said, “I can speak Chinese.” 吉姆说：“我会讲汉语。”

→Jim said that he could speak Chinese. 吉姆说他会讲汉语 CopyRight .com

(1) 若直接引语为客观真理，则变为间接引语时时态不变：

He said, “The sun rises in the east.” 他说：“太阳从东方升起。” 内容来自

→He said that the sun rises in the east. 他说太阳从东方升起。

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(2) 有时由于直接引语有特定的从前时光状语，变为间接引语时时态也可不变：

He said, “ was born in 1988.” 说：“我是1988年生的。”

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→He said that he was born in 1988. 他说他是1988年生的。

线话英语：www.linewow.com

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