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动词不定式的高中英语语法大全

线话英语|2015-05-11 16:40:10

  7. 动词不定式的高中英语语法大全

  7.1 不定式作宾语

  1) 动词+ 不定式 内容来自

  afford  aim   appear  agree  arrange  ask   be    decide bother  care  choose   come    dare   demand desire  determine     expect   elect  endeavor     hope       fail  happen  help  hesitate learn  long   mean   manage  offer  ought   plan  prepare pretend   promise refuse seem   tend   wait    wish     undertake CopyRight .com

  高中英语语法大全中的例句: 

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   The driver failed to see the other car in time.

 

 

     司机没能及时看见另一辆车。

内容来自

 

   I happen to know the answer to your question.

     我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。

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  2)动词+不定式 ; 动词+宾语+不定式

  ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…

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     I like to keep everything tidy. 我爱好每件东西都保持整齐。

     I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜好你年使每件东西都坚持整洁。

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     I want to speak to Tom.  我想和汤姆谈话。

 

 

     I want you to speak to Tom.  我想让你跟汤姆谈话。

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  3) 动词+疑难词+ to

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  decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell

    Please show us how to do that. 请演示给咱们如何去做。

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    There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机,我都拿不定主意买哪一种。

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  留神:疑难词带不定式在句中作成分时,谓语动词用单数的高中英语语法大全小细节。

     The question is how to put it into practice. CopyRight .com

     问题是怎么把它付诸实

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  7.2 不定式作补语

内容来自

 

  1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)

  advise   allow   appoint   believe   cause   challenge command  compel   consider  declare   drive   enable  encourage  find    forbid   force   guess   hire    imagine  impel   induce   inform  instruct  invite   judge    know    like   order    permit  persuade  remind   report  request   require  select send    state   suppose   tell    think  train   trust   understand urge    warn  内容来自

  例句: CopyRight .com

    a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.        内容来自

     父亲不让我们在街上游玩。

    b. We believe him to be guilty. CopyRight .com

     我们信任他是有罪的。 内容来自

  Find 的特殊用法:

    Find 后可用分词做宾补,或先加形式宾语,再加形容词,最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。高中英语语法大全中此类动词还有get,have。

内容来自

 

     I found him lying on the ground.

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     I found it important to learn.

内容来自

 

     I found that to learn English is important.

  典范例题:

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    The next morning she found the man ___ in bed,dead. 

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    A. lying  B. lie  C. lay  D. laying  

内容来自

 

  答案:A.find的宾语后面,用分词或分词短语,起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达自动,也表达正在进行,从前分词表达被动。 内容来自

  2) to + be 的不定式结构,作补语的动词。 CopyRight .com

  Acknowledge,  believe, consider,  think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel   find, guess,  judge,  imagine,   know,  prove,     see(理解), show,    suppose,     take(以为),   understand

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     We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class. 内容来自

     咱们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。

  典型例题

     Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer. 

  A. to invent B. inventing  C. to have invented  D. having invented 

  答案:A. 由consider to do sth. 打消B、D。. 此句只说明发明这一个事实,不定式后用原形即可。而C为当初实现时,发明为点动词一般不用实现时,且此处也不强调对当初的影响,因而不选C。 内容来自

  3) to be +形容词

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  Seem,     appear,   be said,  be supposed,  be believed, be thought, be known,  be reported, hope, wish,  desire,   want,    plan,  expect,    mean…

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   The book is believed to be uninteresting. 内容来自

   人们认为这本书没什么意思。

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  4) there be+不定式

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  believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand

 

 

   We didn't expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。

 

 

  注意 : 有些动词需用as 短语做补语,如regard, think believe, take, consider. CopyRight .com

   We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。 内容来自

   Mary took him as her father . 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。

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  7.3 不定式主语

 

 

  1) It's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了

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  easy, difficult,  hard,  important,  possible,  impossible, comfortable,  necessary,  better;   内容来自

  the first,  the next,   the last,  the best, too much,  too little,  not enough

 

 

   It's so nice to hear your voice.

 

 

   听到你的声音真高兴。

   It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. CopyRight .com

   当你不用车的时候,锁车是有必要的。

内容来自

 

  2) It's very kind of you to help us. 他援助我们,他真好。 内容来自

  Kind, nice,  stupid, rude,  clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly,  selfish(自私的)

 

 

  例句: CopyRight .com

     It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚笨,竟然信赖了他。

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     It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西,这显得太自私了。 内容来自

  高中英语语法大全注意:1) 其余系动词如,look,appear等也可用于此句型

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     2) 不定式作为句子成分时,动词用单数形式。

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     3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is… to…的句型

 

 

      (对)To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。

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      (错)It is to believe to see.

  7.4 It's for sb.和 It's of sb.

  1)for sb. 常用于表示事物的特色特点,表现客观形式的形容词,如easy, hard, difficult,  interesting, impossible等: CopyRight .com

     It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。

  2)of sb的句型畸形用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。 CopyRight .com

     It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了。 内容来自

   

内容来自

 

  for 与of 的辨别方法的高中英语语法大全:

 

 

    用介词后面的代词作主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子。如果情理上通顺用of,不通则用for。如:

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     You are nice. (通顺,所以应用of)。

 

 

     He is hard. (人是艰难的,不通,因此应用for。) 内容来自

  7.5 不定式作表语

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   不定式可放在be动词后面,形成表语。例如: CopyRight .com

     My work is to clean the room every day. 内容来自

     His dream is to be a doctor. CopyRight .com

  7.6 不定式作定语 CopyRight .com

    不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如:

 

 

     I have a lot of work to do. 

     So he made some candles to give light. CopyRight .com

  7.7 不定式作状语

 

 

  1)目标状语 

 

 

  To… only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)

内容来自

 

    He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。

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    I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。

  2)作成果状语,表当时不预觉得的,要放在句子后面。 内容来自

    What have I said to make you angry. 内容来自

    He searched the room only to find nothing.

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  3) 表起因

 

 

    I'm glad to see you.

 

 

  高中英语语法大全典型例题

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   The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___. 

   A. sit  B. sit on  C. be seat  D. be sat on

  答案:B. 假如不定式为不迭物动词,其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时,常位于"形容词+动词不定式"构造的末尾

内容来自

 

  7.8 用作介词的to CopyRight .com

    to 有两种用法: 一为不定式+动词原形; 一为介词+名词/动名词, to 在下面的用法中是第二种,即to+ 名词/动名词:

内容来自

 

  admit to否认,       confess to否定,

 

 

  be accustomed to 习惯于,  be used to 习惯于, stick to 保持,       turn to开始,着手于, devote oneself to 献身于, be devoted to 致力于, look forward to 盼望,   pay attention to 注意

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  7.9 省to 的动词不定式

 

 

  1) 情态动词 ( 除ought 外,ought to):

  2) 使役动词 let, have, make: 内容来自

  3) 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补,省略to。 内容来自

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  留心:在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。

内容来自

 

    I saw him dance.

   =He was seen to dance. 内容来自

    The boss made them work the whole night.

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   =They were made to work the whole night.

  4) would rather,had better: CopyRight .com

  5) Why… / why not…:

 

 

  6) help 可带to,也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth:

 

 

  7) but和except:but前是动词do时,后面浮现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。

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  8) 由and, or跟than连接的两个不定式,第二个to 可以省去:

  9) 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后,能够省去to be:  内容来自

     He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。 内容来自

  举例:

     He wants to move to France and marry the girl. CopyRight .com

  He wants to do nothing but go out.

 

 

  比较:  He wants to do nothing but go out.

 

 

       He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. CopyRight .com

  典型例题 内容来自

  1) ---- I usually go there by train. 

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    ---- Why not ___ by boat for a change? 

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    A. to try going  B. trying to go  C. to try and go  D. try going  

    答案:D. why not 后面接不带to 的不定式,因此选D。 CopyRight .com

  2) Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard.  内容来自

    A. learn  B. to learn  C. learned  D. learning

内容来自

 

    答案:B. make后接不带to 的动词不定式,当其用于被动时,to 不可省略。 CopyRight .com

  7.10 动词不定式的否定式

 

 

    Tell him not to shut the window… 

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    She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候,她假装没看见。 内容来自

  典型例题 内容来自

  1)Tell him ___ the window. 

 

 

    A. to shut not  B. not to shut  C. to not shut

内容来自

 

    D. not shut  内容来自

    答案:B。 tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为tell sb not to do sth.

  2) She pretended ___ me when I passed by. 

    A. not to see  B. not seeing  C. to not see

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    D. having not seen 

内容来自

 

    答案:A。 pretend 后应接不定式。其否定形式为pretend not to do sth.。

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  3)Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking. 

    A. never to drive  B. to never driver 

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    C. never driving  D,. never drive 

CopyRight .com    谜底:A。warn sb to do sth. 的否认情势为warn sb not to do sth. 此处用的是否定词never. 内容来自

  4) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him ____. 

    A. not to  B. not to do  C. not do it 

 

 

    D. do not to

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   答案:A。not to 为not to do it 的省略形式。可能只用to这个词,而不必重复全体不定式词组。及物动词do后应有名词、代词等,否则错误,因此B,D过错。 CopyRight .com

  5) The patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation. 

    A. to eat no  B. eating not  C. not to eat 

 

 

    D. not eating CopyRight .com

    答案:C。warn一词恳求后用不定式,此处为不定式的被动,否认形式为be warned not to do。

内容来自

 

  7.11 不定式的特别句型too…to…

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  1)too…to  太…甚至于… CopyRight .com

    He is too excited to speak.

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    他太激动了,说不出话来。

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    ---- Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗?

 

 

    ---- Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same. 不用了。这箱子太重,恐怕你搬不动。谢谢你。 CopyRight .com

  2) 如在too前有否定词,则全部句子用否定词抒发断定, too 后那个词表白一种委婉含意,意 为"不太"的高中英语语法大全。

    It's never too late to mend. (谚语)

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     改过不嫌晚。 CopyRight .com

  3) 当too 前面有only, all, but时,意思是:非常… 等于very。

 

 

    I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 我异样高兴能辅助你。 内容来自

    He was but too eager to get home. 他无比想回家。

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  7.12 不定式的特殊句型so as to 容来自

  1) 表示目的;它的否定式是so as not to do。 CopyRight .com

     Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job. 

内容来自

 

       汤姆对事变保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。

 

 

     Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. CopyRight .com

       轻点进去,别惊醒了婴儿。 CopyRight .com

  2) so kind as to ---劳驾

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     Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?

       劳驾,现在多少点了。

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  7.13 不定式的特殊句型Why not

内容来自

 

    "Why not +动词本相"表达向某人提出倡导,翻译为:"为什么不……?" "干吗不……?"

  例如:

     Why not take a holiday? 内容来自

     干吗不去度假?

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  7.14 不定式的时态和语态 CopyRight .com

  时态语态    自动     被动

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  个别式      to do      to be done

内容来自

 

  进行式      to be doing  

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  完成式      to have done   to have been done CopyRight .com

  完成进行式    to have been doing   CopyRight .com

  1) 高中英语语法大全现在时:个别现在时表示的动词,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时产生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。 CopyRight .com

    He seems to know this. CopyRight .com

    I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我渴望再见到你。

  2) 完成时:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 CopyRight .com

   I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.

 

 

   He seems to have caught a cold.

 

 

  3) 进行时: 表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。

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   He seems to be eating something. 内容来自

  4) 完成进行时: 内容来自

   She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.

  7.15 动名词与不定式

  1) 动名词与不定式的差异:

内容来自

 

   动名词抒发的是: 状态,性质,心境,形象,经常性,已发生的

 

 

   不定式表白的是: 目的,结果,起因,具体,一次性,将发生的

内容来自

 

  2) 接不定式或动名词,意思相同。

  3)高中英语语法大全 动名词与不定式语义不同的有11 组: CopyRight .com

    1 stop to do     stop doing   

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    2 forget to do     forget doing

 

 

    3 remember to do   remember doing      CopyRight .com

    4 regret to do     regret doing 内容来自

    5 cease to do     cease doing       

 

 

    6 try to do      try doing

 

 

    7 go on to do     go on doing       

 

 

    8 afraid to do     afraid doing CopyRight .com

    9 interested to do  interested doing 

内容来自

 

   10 mean to do      mean doing

内容来自

 

   11 begin/ start to do  begin/ start doing

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