介 词的用法

     介词的用法介绍：介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。介词分为三种，一种是简单介词，如at, in, on, beside, to , for等；另一种是短语介词，即由两个以上的词组组成的短语，如in front of, because of, out of, instead of等；还有一种叫二重介词，如until after, from behind等。 CopyRight .com

　　（一）介词的句法功能

　　介词不能独破在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关联。

　　1、作定语：The book on the table is mine. 内容来自

　　2、作状语：We have breakfast at seven.（表时间）；They were late for meeting because of the heavy rain.（表起因）；They started the machine by pressing the button.（表措施）

　　3、作表语：My dictionary is in the bag. 内容来自

　　4、作宾语补足语：I found him in the office.

　　（二）主要介词差异 内容来自

　　1、表示时间的at, in, on：at表示片刻的时间，如：at 8 o'clock ，常用词组有：at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year等。in表示一段的时间，如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等。on老是跟日子有关，on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morning等。 内容来自

　　2、表示时间的since和from：since表示从过去到当初的一段时间的过程，常与当初实现时连用。from表示从时间的某一点开始，不波及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。如：I hope to do morning exercises from today./ We have not seen each other since 1995.

　　3、表示时间的in和after：两者都表示"在（某个时间）之后，差别在于in表示"在（一段时间）之后"，而after则表示"在（某一具体时间点之后）"，in短语和将来时态连用，after短语和从前时态或未来时态连用。如：We'll be back in three days./ After seven the rain began to fall./ What shall we do after graduation?

　　留心：after有时也可能表示在一段时间之后（常用在从前时里）。如：After two months he returned. 内容来自

　　4、表示地理地位的in, on, to：in表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外。如：Changchun is in the northeast of China./ Mongolia is on the north of China./ Japan is to the east of China.

　　5、表现"在……上"的on跟in：on只表示在某物的名义上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。 如：There is a book on the piece of paper./ There is an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug a hole in the wall.

　　6、表示"穿过……"的through和across：through表示从内部通过，与in 有关；across则表示从一端至另一端在名义上的通过，与on有关。如： Water flows through the pipe./ The old man walked across the street. 内容来自

　　7、in the corner, on the corner, at the corner：in the corner 表示在角落里，in指角的内面；on the corner表示"在角上"，on指的不是内面，也不是外面，而含内外兼有之意；at the corner指"在拐角处"，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。如：The lamp stands in the corner of the room./ I met with him at the street corner./ He sat on the corner of the table.

　　8、in the end, at the end of, by the end of：in the end作"最后"、"终于"解，可单独利用，后不接介词of；at the end of 表示"在……末梢"，"到……尽头"，既可指时间，也能够指地上或物体。不可单独应用；by the end of 作"在……结束时"，"到……末为止"解，只能指时光。不可独自使用。如：In the end they reached a place of safety./ At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden./ They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week./ by the end of last month he had finished the novel.

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　　9、表示"对"的about 跟on：两者都有"对于"的意思，不过前者为个别用词，而后者为较正式的"论述"。如：He came to tell me about something important./ He wrote a book on science. CopyRight .com

　　10、between, among：between表示两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的旁边。如：You are to sit between your father and me./ He is always happy among his classmates.

　　留神：但有时说的诚然是三个以上的人或东西，如果强调的是两两彼此间接关系，适用于between。如：Agreements were made between the different countries. 在谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分居两边时用between。如：The little valley lies between high mountains.。在谈事物间的差别时，总是用between。如：They don't know the difference between wheat, oats and barley. CopyRight .com

　　11、besides, except, but, except for：besides指"除了……还有，再加上"。如：All went out besides me.；except指"除了，减去什么"，不能放在句首。如：All went out except me.；but 与except意思近似，表示"除了……外"经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其余疑难词后面。如：I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.；except for表示"如无……就，只是"表明理由细节。如：His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.。 内容来自

　　12、表示"用"的in和with：表示工具的"用"，用with，而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等的"用"，用in。如：He is writing a letter with a pen./ He wrote the letter in pencil./ We measured it in pounds./ Read the text in a loud voice./ Tell me the story in English.

　　13、in charge of和in the charge of：两者都表示"由谁负责、照顾、管理"。区别在于：in charge of后接被照管的人或物，而in the charge of后面则跟照管的人。如：Who is in charge of the project?/ The project is in the charge of an engineer.。 CopyRight .com

　　14、as, like：as作"作为"、"以……位置或身份"解。如：Let me speak to you as a father.（事实是父亲）；like作"象……一样"解。如：Let me speak to you like a father.（事实上不是父亲）。

　　15、in front of 和in the front of：in front of = before，是"在……前面"的意思（不在某物内）； in the front of则是"在……前部"的意思（在某物内）。如：There is a desk in front of the blackboard./ The boy sat in the front of the car.。 CopyRight .com

　　16、in, into：into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置。如：We walked into the park.；in通常表示位置。如：We walked in the park；in和drop, fall, put, throw, break等终止性动词连用时，也可以表示动向。如：I have put the coin in (into) my pocket.我把硬币放进衣袋。

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