高考英语语法复习精讲与练习之 情态动词

根据以往英语取得高分同学的经验，他们都一致认为英语语法跟词汇是学好、考好英语的重要基本，切实完形填空是对语法、词汇的综合考察，但更关键的是学好此部分有助于对英语句子结构的分析和懂得，有助于学生控制灵活多变的句式，这样不仅有助于学生做好阅读理解，而且有助于学生做好英译汉，写好作文。

（一）情态动词

一．情态动词的当初实现式的用法
    情态动词现在完成式主要有两个功能：表示已经发生的情况跟表示虚构语气。在这两个方面must/mustn’t,;can/cann’t;need/needn’t;may/mayn’t;might/mightn’t;should/shouldn’t;
ougtht等情态动词＋实现式表现的意思是有一定差异的
1．表示已经发生的情形。
1）must have+过去分词，表示对已发生情况确实定揣摩，译为“（昨天）一定……”。如：
My pain           apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically:” Are you feeling all right?”
[A] must be       [B] had been     [C] must have been     [D] had to be
（答案为C）
2）can’t / couldn’t have+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的否定推测，译为“（昨天）一定没……”。如：

Mary         my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.
[A] couldn’t have received     [B] ought to have received
[C] has received     [D] shouldn’t have received
（答案为A）
3）may / might have +过去分词，表示对已发生的事件做不确定、可能性很小的揣测，或事实上基础没产生，译为“兴许……”。如：
At Florida Power’s Crystal River plant, a potentially serious leakage of radioactive water may have been unknowingly caused by an electrician.
2．表示虚构语气。
1) needn’t have + 过去分词，表示做了不必做的事，相称于”didn’t need to do”,译为“实在没必要……”。如：
You needn’t have come over yourself.
As it turned out to be a small house party, we         so formally.

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[A] needn’t dress up         [B]did not need have dressed up
[C] did not need dress up     [D] needn’t have dressed up
(没有必要穿的那么正式，体现是谈话者的提议,英语培训，实际结果是否真的穿的很正式不判断，谜底为D)
2）should have +过去分词，表示应该做某事但实际上未做，译为“本应当……”should not + have过去分词表示本不应该做某事但实际上做了，译为“本不应该……”。如：
I regret having left the work unfinished; I should have planned everything ahead carefully.
我原来应应当时当真地把每件事件打算的很好，但实际上作者还是没有计划好，甚至工作不完成。
3) ought to have +过去分词，表示动作按理该发生了，但实际上未发生，译为“该……”，与should 的完成式含意类似。如： CopyRight .com
Ｔhe porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke .
4) could have +从前分词，表示过去本来能够做但却未做，译为“完全可以……”。这点与ought/should/ have +过去分词用法相似。如：
What you said is right, but you could have phrased it more tactfully.
5) may/ might have +过去分词，表示过去可以做但实际未做，译为“（那样）兴许会……”。如：
It might have been better to include more punchy statistics and photos of equipment in the introduction to further assist first-time office automation managers. 内容来自

二．多少个情态动词常考的句型：
    1)．may/might (just) as well “不妨，最好”，与had better相近；
Since the flight was cancelled, you might as well go by train.
既然航班已经取消了，你不妨乘火车吧。相当于you had better go by train。
2) ．cannot / can’t…too …“越……越好，怎么也不过分”。留心这个句型的变体cannot…over….如：
You cannot be too careful when you drive a car.驾车时候，越警戒越好。
The final chapter covers organizational change and development. This subject cannot be over emphasized .
3) ．usedn’t 或did’t use to 为used to (do) 的否认式。
4）．should 除了“应该”一层意思外，考研纲领还规定要把握其“居然”的意思。如：I didn’t expect that he should have behaved like that. 我无奈假想他竟然这样做。

三．情态动词被动关系的自动表白法
1． want, require, worth（形容词）后面接doing也可能表示被动意思。
Your hair wants cutting
The book is worth reading
The floor requires washing.
2．need既可以用need to be done 也可以利用need doing ，两种形式都抒发被动的意思
The house needs painting= the house needs to be painted.
The watch needed repairing= the watch needed to be repaired.
 

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