高考英语语法复习精讲与练习之： 形容词、副

（二） 形容词、副词及比较级最高级

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一．形容词的润饰与位置
    一般来说，从构词法角度来看，后缀”ly”往往是副词，但有的以“ly’结尾的词是形容词而不是副词，这点要注意；形容词一般可以在句子中做定语，表语等成份，但有些形容词在句子中只能做表语和只能做前置定语；这些形容词在修饰时候有一定的特殊性要引起大家的注意，下面做了一下统计：
1   以-ly结尾的是形容词而不是副词：
costly         昂贵的         lonely       孤独的
deadly       逝世正常的       lively       活泼的
friendly       友好的         silly         傻气的

kindly       热忱肠的       likely       可能的
leisurely     安闲的           ugly         长得丑的
brotherly     兄弟般的         monthly     每月的
earthly       尘世的
2   只作以“a”开头的很多形容词只能做表语：
afraid       害怕的         alike         相象的
awake     醒着的           alone         单独的，惟一的
alive       活着的           ashamed       愧疚的 CopyRight .com
asleep     睡着的           aware         意识到的、发觉到的
well       健康的         content         满意的
unable     无能的
3   只作前置定语的形容词
earthen   泥土做的，大地的   daily   每日的             latter     后面的
golden   金子般的           weekly     每周的         inner     里面的
silken     丝普通的           monthly     每月的       outer     外面的 内容来自
wooden   木制的             yearly     每年的         elder     年长的   
woolen   毛织的           former     前任的         mere     仅，只不过
only     惟一的           sheer       纯粹的         very       恰好的
little     小的             live         活的
4．下列动词既是实义动词又是系动词，注意用做系动词时，恳求形容词做表语：
remain   keep become, get, grow, go, come, turn, stay, stand, run, prove, seem, appear, look。
如：All those left undone may sound great in theory, but even the truest believer has great difficulty when it comes to specifics.

二．形容词与副词的比较级与最高等
1． 考比较级时，考生应控制：
1）形容词和副词比较级的形式是否和比较连词对应呈现，即是否合乎原级比较及比较级的结构。如：
Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often         , or better than an actual performance.
[A]as good as   [B]as good   [C]good     [D]good as
在这里as good as 比较连词与better than比较连词同时出现时候，不能省略任何一个介词。答案为A
On the whole, ambitious students are more likely to succeed in their studies than are those with little ambition.
2)比较的成分是否属于同类事物或同类概念，既是说比较可能存在的可比性。如：
The number of registered participants in this year’s marathon was half           .
[A] of last year’s           [B]those of last year’s           
[C]of those of last year     [D] that of last year’s
（前后比拟的应当是今年和去年注册参加的人数“the number of”故代替它的应该是单数代词“that”，而不能决定B，those是指代participants，不是同类对照，答案为D。
Young readers, more often than not, find the novels of dickens far more exciting than Thackeray’s.
3)比较级与倍数词关系及其位置
原级结构中可插入表白倍数的词，表现为“为….若干倍”,当与有表示倍数比较的词在一起时候等，他们的地位是，倍数词+as…as…,或倍数词+more…than…，但again个别放在原级词之后，即 “as+原级＋again+as”.如：
Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills         people each year than automobile accidents.
[A] seven more times     [B] seven times more

[C] over seven times       [D] seven times
(谜底为B)
“Do you regret paying five hundred dollars for the painting?”“No, I would gladly have paid           for it.”
[A] twice so much     [B] twice as much
[C] as much twice     [D] so much twice
(答案为B)
My uncle is as old again as I am
4）下列词跟短语不必比较级形式却表示比较概念：
inferior, minor, senior, prior, prefer to, superior,英语培训, major, junior, preferable, differ from, compared with, in comparison with, different from, rather than. 如：
Their watch is         to all the other watches on the market.
[A] superior     [B] advantageous     [C] super     [D] beneficial
（答案为A）
Prior to his departure, he addressed a letter to his daughter.   (1986年考研题)

5）“比较级＋and +比较级”或“more and more/less and less +原级”以及“ever, steadily, daily等副词＋比较级”结构表示“越来越……”的意思，与这类结构搭配的常用动词有grow, get ,become等。前面两种情况更多地浮现在进行时态中，注意的是这三种情形引导的比较级后面都不需要用than.如：
Things are getting worse and worse.
As I spoke to him he became less and less angry.
Her health was becoming daily worse
The road got ever worse until there was no road at all = the road got worse and worse.
6)比较级前面可能用even, still, yet ,all the (more)等修饰语用以加强语气，表示“更加”的意思。如
Today it is even colder than yesterday
I have yet more exciting news for you
7) 有关比较级的特别句型：
A): not so much…as…与其说……不如说……
The chief reason for the population growth isn’t so much a rise in birth rates         a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care.

[A] and     [B] as     [C]but     [D] or
人口增添的主要起因与其说是由于出生率的提高，还不如说是因为医疗的进步带来的去世亡率下降的结果。答案为B
B) no/not any more…than…两者一样都不……
The heart is           intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.
[A] not so     [B]not much     [C]much more     [D] no more
（心脏和胃两者都不是有智力，他们都受大脑控制。答案为D）
There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take,           they can limit how much water you drink.
[A] much more than     [B] no more than
[C] no less than         [D] any more than 内容来自
（答案为D）
C)no/not any less…than…两者一样,都……注意基本上与no/not any more…than意思相反
She is no less beautiful than her sister.她和她姐姐一样漂亮
D)just as… so…     正如……， ……也……（用倒装结构）
Just as the soil is a part of the earth,         the atmosphere.
[A] as it is     [B] the same is     [C] so is     [D] and so is
（答案为C）
2．最高级形式应注意的问题：
1）最高级比较范围用介词in, over, of, among。
in, (all) over用于在某一范畴内的比较，如：in China, all over the world.
of, among用于在同一群体内同类事物的比较，如：among the teachers, of the four dresses.
注意：among…相称于one of …,不说among all…。这一点考生应与汉语表达差别开来 CopyRight .com
如：
        all visible lights, red light has the longest and violet the shortest wavelength.
[A] Among       [B] Of     [C]For     [D]To       答案为[B]
2)比较级形式表示最高级意思时，比较对象的范围应用：
any other +单数名词
the other +复数名词
the others
anyone/anything else
上述词是用于将比较级结构转变成最高级意思的关键词语，切不可遗漏，尤其是other，否则会造成逻辑混乱的错误。如不能说：John runs faster than anyone.注意与汉语表达的不同。
3）most能够用来修饰形容词或副词，意思相当于very，用法分辨单复数，但不能用定冠词the，如：a most interesting book, most expensive restaurants， 要注意与 “the +形容词最高级＋of + 名词”的结构表示的最高级的差异，如：

He spoke in the warmest of voices
They have been most kind to me
Basketball is the most popular of sports in this country.
Chinese is the most difficult of language
Chinese is a most difficult language

三．不用比较级和最高级的形容词：
1）表示颜色的有：white, black
2）表示状况的有：round, square, oval, circular, triangular(三角形)，level
3)表示性质跟特色的有：atomic, economic, scientific, sonic, golden, silvery, woolen, earthen, silent, full, empty, sure, dead, deaf, blind, lame, rainy
4)表示状态作表语的有：afraid, asleep, alive, ashamed, alone, aware, alike
5)表示时间、空间和方位的有：daily, weekly, monthly, annual, present, front, back, forward, backward, east, west, south, north, left, right, final
6)表示极限、主次、等级的有：maximum, minimum, utmost, main, major, chief minor, superior, inferior, senior, junior, super, favorite
7)含有绝对概念的有：absolute, entire, whole, total, perfect, excellent, thorough, complete.

四．平行结构与比较级
平行结构很多情况下是由形容词或副词的比较级或者暗含比较象征的连词勾引的。如：
The ideal listener stays both inside and outside the music at the moment it is played and enjoys it almost as much as the composer at the moment he composes.
大多数情况下平行结构都是具备一定的比较含意的，有的是递进比较not only…but (also) ;prefer…to…;rather than有的是同类对比：and ;but；or；both… and…；either…or…; neither…nor…..
平行结构测试时候注意以下多少点：
1．注意比较结构中相比较的内容在语法形式上是否相同。如：
It is better to die one’s feet than     .
[A]living on one’s knees [B]live on one’s knees
[C]on one’s knees   [D]to live on one’s knees
(答案为D)
Despite the temporary difficulties, the manager prefers increasing the output to decreasing it. 内容来自
2．其他存在并列或比较意义的短语也可领导平行结构。
1）rather than, let alone 虽不是并列连词，但在构造上连接两个语法形式相同的成分。如：
We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style         in a personal style.
[A]rather than       [B]other than       [C]better than       [D]less than
答案为A
For the new country to survive,       for its people to enjoy prosperity, new economic policies will be required.
[A] to name a few     [B]let alone     [C]not to speak     [D]let’s say
（答案为B）
2）如果平行的两个成分在情势上是介词短语，而且介词雷同，正常说来第二个介词不要省略。如：
At times, more care goes into the composition of newspaper and magazine advertisements than into the writing of the features and editorials. 内容来自
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