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初中英语语法精讲精练”形容词和副词”

线话英语|2015-05-11 16:40:26

  初中英语语法精讲精练4. 形容词和副词

  4.1 形容词及其用法 内容来自

    形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特点。通常, 可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其地位不一定都放在名词前面。 CopyRight .com

  1) 直接说明事物的性质或特色的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变革,可能用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot 热的。

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  2) 初中英语语法精讲精练叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词不级的变更,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid 害怕的。

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     (错) He is an ill man.

 

 

     (对) The man is ill.

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     (错) She is an afraid girl.

 

 

     (对) The girl is afraid. 内容来自

     这类词还有: well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。 CopyRight .com

  3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。然而如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如:

     something nice

 

 

  4.2 以-ly结尾的形容词 CopyRight .com

  1) 大部分形容词加-ly可形成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,  ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。 CopyRight .com

   改错:(错) She sang lovely.

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      (错) He spoke to me very friendly. CopyRight .com

      (对) Her singing was lovely. 内容来自

      (对) He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 内容来自

  2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。 CopyRight .com

     daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early

     The Times is a daily paper. 内容来自

     The Times is published daily.

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  4.3 用形容词表示种别和整体的初中英语语法精讲精练

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  1) 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry 内容来自

     The poor are losing hope.

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  2) 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复数连用。 内容来自

     the British,the English,the French,the Chinese.

 

 

     The English have wonderful sense of humor. 内容来自

  4.4 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序的初中英语语法精讲精练

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    多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:

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    限定词--数词--刻画词--(大小,是非,外形,新旧,颜色) --出处--材料性质,类别--名词

 

 

     a small round table

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     a tall gray building CopyRight .com

     a dirty old brown shirt CopyRight .com

     a famous German medical school

     an expensive Japanese sports car CopyRight .com

  初中英语语法精讲精练典范例题:

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  1) Tony is going camping with ___ boys. 

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    A. little two other B. two little other  C. two other little  D. little other two

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    答案:C。由"限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) --性质--名词"的公式可知数词,描述词,性质依次顺序,只有C合乎答案。

  2) One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.

   A. old Chinese stone   B. Chinese old stone  C. old stone Chinese  D. Chinese stone old CopyRight .com

   答案A. 多少个形容词修饰一个名词,他们的排列顺序是:年事,形状,大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国度+名词。

 

 

  3) ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?

 

 

   ---- It was great. We visited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside. CopyRight .com

   A. few last sunny  B. last few sunny  C. last sunny few  D. few sunny last

 

 

  答案:B。本题考察多个形容词的排序问题。畸形与被修饰形容词关联密切的形容词凑近名词;如果多少个形容词的重要性差不久,音节少的形容词在前,音节多的方在后,在不能判断时,可参照下表:

  限定词+数量词(序数词在前,基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+

 

 

  those + three + beautiful + large + square  内容来自

  新旧+色彩+国籍+资料+名词

 

 

  old + brown + wood + table 内容来自

  4.5 副词及其基本用法的初中英语语法精讲精练

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    副词主要用来润饰动词,形容词,副词或其余结构。

 

 

  一、副词的位置:

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  1) 在动词之前。 内容来自

  2) 在be动词、助动词之后。  CopyRight .com

  3) 多个助动词时,副词一般放在第一个助动词后。 内容来自

  留心:

 

 

    a. 大多数方法副词位于句尾,但宾语过长,副词能够提前,以使句子平衡。

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     We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us. CopyRight .com

    b. 方式副词well,badly糟、坏,hard等只放在句尾。

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     He speaks English well.

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  二、副词的排列次序:

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  1) 时光,地点副词,小单位的在前,大单位在后

  2) 方式副词,短的在前,长的在后,并用and或but等连词衔接。

 

 

      Please write slowly and carefully.

  3) 多个不同副词排列:程度+地点+方式+时间副词。 内容来自

  注意:副词very 可以修饰形容词,但不能修饰动词。

    改错:(错) I very like English.

       (对) I like English very much.

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  注意:副词enough要放在形容词的后面,形容词enough放在名词前后都可。 CopyRight .com

       I don't know him well enough. 内容来自

       There is enough food for everyone to eat.

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       There is food enough for everyone to eat CopyRight .com

  4.6 兼有两种情势的副词的初中英语语法精讲精练

 

 

  1) close与closely

    close意思是"近"; closely 意思是"仔细地"

 

 

      He is sitting close to me.

      Watch him closely. CopyRight .com

  2) late 与lately 内容来自

     late意思是"晚"; lately 意思是"最近"

 

 

      You have come too late. 内容来自

      What have you been doing lately?

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  3) deep与deeply CopyRight .com

     deep意思是"深",表示空间深度;deeply时常表示感情上的深度,"深深地"

      He pushed the stick deep into the mud.

      Even father was deeply moved by the film.

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  4) high与highly

     high表示空间高度;highly表现水平,相当于much

      The plane was flying high.

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      I think highly of your opinion. 内容来自

  5) wide与widely

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     wide表示空间宽度;widely意思是"广泛地","在良多地方"

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      He opened the door wide.

      English is widely used in the world. CopyRight .com

  6) free与freely CopyRight .com

    free的意思是"免费";freely 的意思是"无限制地"

      You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.

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      You may speak freely; say what you like. 内容来自

 4.7 形容词与副词的比较级的初中英语语法精讲精练 

    大多数形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 内容来自

  1) 规则变化

 

 

    单音节词和少数双音节词,加词尾-er,-est来构成比较级跟最高级。 CopyRight .com

   构成法    原级    比较级  最高级     

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  个别单音节词  tall(高的)   taller  tallest

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  未尾加-er,-est great(巨大的) greater  greatest   

 

 

  以不发音的e结尾 nice(好的)   nicer  nicest 内容来自

  的单音词和少数  large(大的)  larger  largest

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  以- le结尾的双 able(有才干的) abler  ablest

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  音节词只加-r,-st                   

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  以一个辅音字母 big(大的)    bigger  biggest 内容来自

  结尾的闭音节单 hot热的)    hotter  hottest

 

 

  音节词,双写结

 

 

  尾的辅音字母,

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  再加-er,-est                     

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  "以辅音字母+y" easy(容易的)  easier  easiest

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  结尾的双音节词,busy(忙的)   busier  busiest 内容来自

  改y为i,再加

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  -er,-est                       

 

 

  少数以-er,-ow clever(聪明的) cleverer cleverest

 

 

  结尾的双音节词 narrow(窄的)  narrower narrowest

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  未尾加-er,-est                    

 

 

  其他双音节词和 important(重要的) 

  多音节词,在前      more important

 

 

  面加more,most            most important

 

 

  来构成比较级跟 easily(轻易地) CopyRight .com

  最高级。         more easily   内容来自

                     most easily    CopyRight .com

  2) 不规矩变化 CopyRight .com

     原级     比较级   最高级          

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  good(好的)/    better    best

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  well(健康的)                      

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  bad (坏的)/     worse     worst

  ill(有病的)                       CopyRight .com

  old (老的)     older/elder oldest/eldest     

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  much/many(多的)   more      most         内容来自

  little(少的)    less     least         内容来自

  far (远的)   farther/further  farthest/furthest CopyRight .com

  4.8 as + 形容词或副词原级 + as

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  1)在否定句或疑难句中可用so… as。

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     He cannot run so/as fast as you.

 

 

  2)当as… as 旁边有名词时采用以下格式。

      as +形容词+ a +单数名词

      as + many/much +名词

 

 

     This is as good an example as the other is. CopyRight .com

     I can carry as much paper as you can..

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  3)用表示倍数的词或其余程度副词做修饰语时,放在as的前面。

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    This room is twice as big as that one.

    Your room is the same size as mine.  

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  4) 倍数+ as + adj. + as <=> 倍数+ then + of

 

 

    This bridge is three times as long as that one. 内容来自

    This bridge is three times the length of that one. 内容来自

    Your room is twice as large as mine.

 

 

    Your room is twice the size of mine.

 

 

  4.9 比较级形容词或副词 + than 内容来自

      You are taller than I. 内容来自

      They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.

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  注意:

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  1)要防止重复利用比较级。

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     (错) He is more cleverer than his brother. 内容来自

     (对) He is more clever than his brother.

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     (对) He is clever than his brother.

 

 

  2)要避免将主语含在比较对象中。

     (错) China is larger that any country in Asia.

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     (对) China is larger than any other countries in Asia.

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  3)要注意对应句型,遵照前后一致的准则。 CopyRight .com

      The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.

      It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.

  4)要注意冠词的使用,后著名词的时候,前面才有可能有名词。

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    比较:Which is large, Canada or Australia? 内容来自

       Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? CopyRight .com

       She is taller than her two sisters.

       She is the taller of the two sisters.

  4.10 可修饰比较级的词

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  1)a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等

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  2)还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。 内容来自

  3)以上词(除by far)外,必需置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。 内容来自

  初中英语语法精讲精练典型例题:   

  1) ---- Are you feeling ____?  内容来自

     ---- Yes,I'm fine now. CopyRight .com

   A. any well B. any better C. quite good 内容来自

   D. quite better  

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   答案:B. any 可修饰比较级,quite修饰原级,well的比较级为better. 内容来自

  2)The experiment was____ easier than we had expected. 

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    A. more  B. much more   C. much   CopyRight .com

    D. more much CopyRight .com

  答案:C. much可修饰比较级,因此B,C都说得通,但easier本身已是比较级,不需more,因而C为正确谜底。 CopyRight .com

  3)If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.  内容来自

  A. the happiest time  B. a more happier time 

  C. much happiest time  D. a much happier time

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  答案:D。

  4.11 many,old 和 far

 

 

  1) 假如后接名词时, much more +不可数名词

 

 

            many more +可数名词复数   

 

 

  2) old 有两种比较级和最高级形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest。 elder,eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。 CopyRight .com

     My elder brother is an engineer.

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     Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.

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  3) far 有两种比较级,farther,further. 在英语中两者都可指距离。 内容来自

    在美语中,father 表示间隔,further表示进一步。 内容来自

     I have nothing further to say. 内容来自

  4.12 the + 最高等 + 比拟范围 内容来自

  1) The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.

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    形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副词最高级前可不用。

    形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含意,只表示"无比"。

     It is a most important problem.

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     =It is a very important problem. 内容来自

  注意: 应用最高级要留神将主语包括在比较范围内。 内容来自

      (错) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. CopyRight .com

      (对) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.

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  2) 下列词可修饰最高级,by far, far, much, mostly, almost CopyRight .com

     This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.

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    初中英语语法精讲精练注意:

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   a.  very可修饰最高级,但位置与much不同。

 

 

        This is the very best.

        This is much the best.

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   b.  序数词通常只修饰最高级。

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        Africa is the second largest continent. 内容来自

  3) 句型转换: CopyRight .com

     Mike is the most intelligent in his class. 内容来自

     Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class. 内容来自

  4) "否定词语+比较级","否认词语+ so… as"构造表示最高级含意。 内容来自

          Nothing is so easy as this.

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         =Nothing is easier than this.

 

 

         =This is the easiest thing. CopyRight .com

  4.13 和more有关的词组的初中英语语法精讲精练

 

 

  1) the more… the more… 越……就越…… CopyRight .com

    The harder you work,the greater progress you'll make.

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  2) more B than A 与其说A不如说B

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    less A than B

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    He is more lazy than slow at his work.

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  = He is less slow than lazy at his work.

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  3) no more… than… 与……一样……,不比……多

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    The officials could see no more than the Emperor.

 

 

    no less… than… 与……一样…… CopyRight .com

    He is no less diligent than you.

  4) more than 不仅是,非常 CopyRight .com

    She is more than kind to us all.

内容来自

  初中英语语法精讲精练典型例题

  1)The weather in China is different from____.

 

 

   A. in America  B. one in America  C. America

   D. that in America

 

 

  答案:D. 本题意为"中国的景象比美国热。"比较的是天气而不是国家,C不能选。A不名词,后句成分不全,打消。B和D中,B中的one常用来取代可数名词,而that可车以代替不可数或形象名词,所以选D。

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  2)After the new technique was introduced,the factory produced ___ tractors in 1988 as the year before.

 

 

  A. as twice many  B. as many twice  C. twice as many D. twice many as

   答案C. 此句意为"这个厂1988能生产的拖拉机是往年的两倍"。 表示倍数用"倍数+ as + 形容词本相+ as +比较对象"的句型。所以此句答案为C。 CopyRight .com

   This ruler is three times as long as that one.

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